Earlier quoted context omitted.
> Not in Spain. I can access my bank's website but I can't do anything without their bank app. I don't know about Spain specifically, but as far as I understand it no bank in the European Economic Area + UK should allow banking via just the website alone anymore, because of the "Revised Payment Services Directive" (PSD2) regulation. Essentially, banks are required to implement "strong customer authentication", which…
> And in practise that means a banking app, because most people do not want a separate token they have to buy and can lose. It can be SMS. As said in another comment, the main banks in Spain offer this authentication method while being PSD2 compliant. Some also offer a card with coordinates. So it's not mandatory in any way to use a banking app.
Edit to add this anecdote. My bank told me I need to use their app because SMS is not secure, but you need to activate their app using an SMS code!