Oct 2021, https://www.asiasentinel.com/p/shanghai-gang-seeks-xi-jinpin...
> those who understand the factionalism in China will appreciate the depth of the spillover to Hong Kong and therefore the rooting out that’s been taking place as a consequence ... power struggle with a rival political faction backed by former Chinese President Jiang Zemin.
Oct 2021, https://jamestown.org/program/factional-strife-intensifies-a...
> power struggle between Xi and former PBSC member and Vice President Zeng Qinghong. Zeng, a princeling and close aide of former president Jiang Zemin, is also a major leader of the so-called Shanghai Faction. Zeng is believed to be the “protection umbrella” behind several multi-billion enterprises.
Feb 2021, https://www.orfonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/ORF_Occ...
> This paper ... argues that any attempt to comprehend elite politics in China requires an understanding of the factional dynamics within the party. The paper outlines the evolution of factional politics in China, and shows how two factions – the Shanghai Gang and the Chinese Communist Youth League (CCYL) – have dominated the country’s politics over the past three decades.