Earlier quoted context omitted.
Bear in mind this is only income tax . If you put deductions like health insurance (mandatory, and also dependent on income level) my take-home pay was indeed less than 50%.
Right, but that money isn't used for the benefits of "people who don't give a flying toss" - you'll get a value out of it (health insurance). Furthermore you'd also need to take into account all the costs you can set off against tax liability.
Worst in case of health insurance, the amount you pay is dependent on your income, not your actual actuarial risk. This means that, indeed, the healthy people working are subsidizing the costs of the ones "who don't give a flying toss".
And don't get me started on things like Künstlersozialkasse...