London has something similar, the congestion charge. Has helped somewhat, and def makes regular driving in central London a 'you did what?' thing. It's lifted on the weekend, which is nice if you want to pop to IKEA or whatever. I think they're planning on pushing something similar all the way out to the north circular, and maybe the M25 for heavily polluting traffic.
But the additional charge for the worst diesel cars is new: https://tfl.gov.uk/modes/driving/emissions-surcharge