My father was a postdoc in the 90s, having gotten his master's and Ph.D. here in the states. Mother has a Ph.D. as well. My family and Taiwanese, and I knew about this issue growing up. This doesn't just affect our family, it also affects the other Taiwanese families I am aware of.
The difference was that, back then, if we were to go back to Taiwan, there wasn't a guarantee that a US-trained Ph.D. would get any sort of employment.
It is similar, yet different with China: in the past 5 years, I have seen China, flushed with cash (from, you know, Americans) aggressively investing. Infrastructure investment is the most obvious -- for example, ambitious rail plans that not only stretch across China, but also into Europe and Africa. There is also an aggressive investment in cultural influence as well. (For example, trying to get Wushu recognized as an official Olympic sport).
And then there is advanced research. There are two teams in the world that researches quantum tunneling communication, and one of them is a Chinese team who was a protege of the PI of the only other team trying to pull it off. There is massive investment into AI/ML, into space, into military (both a carrier program as well as asymmetric military technologies such as drone carriers).
A postdoc in America doesn't really get much respect, not in the way the Chinese and Taiwanese do. You could struggle here in America, writing research grants, and your family doesn't know or doesn't even care. Or you could be offered being a director of a lab with a lot of funding. Family members and neighbors might not know the science behind what you do, yet they admire and respect you.
I remember this documentary about the creation of the Three Gorges Dam and the displacement of some families along that river. They showed a girl in a family who was sent off to work on the cruise ships for tourists who wanted to see the Three Gorges before it got flooded. The family needed money so they sent their daughter off -- a very Chinese things to do. The girl didn't want to work and the mother is telling her, sorry, this is for the family. You know what dream the girl was giving up? It wasn't an entertainer, or an entrepreneur. She wanted to become a scientist. She saw scientists as the heroes.
That's something I never hear in America.
I think a lot of people in the West forget that (despite the Cultural Revolution), the Ming dynasty Chinese at its ascendent had more reach, technological prowess, and industry of any other society ... and they deliberately turned inward: completed the Great Wall of China, recalled the exploration fleets, shut down their massive network of steel foundries, just before the time the Europeans were starting to explore and to colonize. China has had many cycles of empire expansions, consolidations, and fragmentations.
And I see America making the same mistakes ...