I liked the comparison with high-temperature superconductors. We don't exactly know how they work either. But they do work.
Most of the limitations describing solid state materials come from that we can't solve the Schrodinger-equation directly (even with simulation). So we have to make assumptions and reasonable approximations of the resulting wave functions of electrons. For many solid state materials there are standard approximations that are working really well but they are not working for all materials.
We simply didn't find any working approximation for high-temperature superconductors (but I think there are some not well tested theories out there).