Earlier quoted context omitted.
There are books which are fully juiced on their first reading. All of Banks' novels have additional liquid to savor after several pressings.
I like your analogy, but I need help seeing how it applies to Consider Phlebas . From my perspective, the story is pretty arbitrary. The aliens have arbitrary features that have no internal reason for they must inevitably be that and not something else. Similarly for characters and plot points. There's a ringworld, but with none of Niven's exploration into the nature of a ringworld. (Fair enough, just borrow from Niv…
Does everything need to be a criticism, play on or comparative or something? Does everything need some deeper meaning?
It's a fun action sci-fi book. Do you question the motivations of Sam-I-Am in Green Eggs and Ham? Why does he insist so much? Where did this food come from? Does he have an ulterior motivation? Is this a reflection on 1970s conservatism in the UK and societies inability to adventure and explore?