Earlier quoted context omitted.
It's the 2nd step https://startyourownisp.com/posts/fiber-provider/ If you just Google then it's usually called leased or dedicated internet Just some (US) examples https://www.business.att.com/products/att-dedicated-internet... https://business.comcast.com/learn/internet/dedicated-intern... https://www.verizon.com/business/products/internet/internet-...
So they're leasing ("buying"?) fiber from the same ISPs they're trying to displace and relying on that payment to provide them with continued internet access? This doesn't sound like a real first-class ISP, but something akin to an MVNO where they're at the mercy of the same companies they're competing with. I get the initial sale might seem fine, and the established ISPs might be fine with this as long as the compan…
I'm not an expert but afaik you can't just be a Tier 1 network member https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tier_1_network
Even Tier 2 very limited https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tier_2_network
In this guide's case yes you will be akin to an MVNO, you won't peer but just buying transit traffic. That's why most of these guides are also focusing on making the network wireless only (easier to build infrastructure)