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Cheap, green hydrogen would be a breakthrough in clean energy

gatesnotes.com

41–50 of 254 posts

Re: Cheap, green hydrogen would be a breakthrough in clean energy

#41

> the world will have to get better at balancing energy supply and demand so we don’t go dark when the sun isn’t shining or the wind isn’t blowing. Thanks Bill, that's really helpful, was there really no other way you could have phrased that? > Another option is to produce hydrogen using the current methods that burn fossil fuels and then capture the CO2 produced in the process before it’s released in the atmosphere.…

Quoted post unavailable.

Of course there is green hydrogen.

First of all, the green aspect of it is that the source is renewable. That's what makes it green. It's not correct to call it a net loss, because no one wants to produce power from hydrogen in order to harvest more hydrogen. There would always be a renewable input somewhere.

About losses. There are always losses on each energy transformation step. The same thing applies to electricity generated with fossil fuels, or heat generated with electricity generated from heat, or light generated with electricity produced with light.

The fact that the source is renewable means we can probably afford that loss in the long term.

Using green hydrogen as fuel for far-from-grid cases still makes sense.

Electric tractors are not feasible yet, given the required power×autonomy.

Also, consider Iceland, were electricity is cheap and produced via geothermal sources, but exporting it is impossible: producing green hydrogen would make that energy exportable.

And consider also the Haber-Bosch process, where ammonia production requires hydrogen that currently comes from fossil sources (natural gas) which implies carbon emissions. Shifting to green hydrogen would be a game changer in the production of fertilizers. Remember farming is one of the major sources of CO₂ emissions.

Re: Cheap, green hydrogen would be a breakthrough in clean energy

#42
post #9

Why are we all wrapped up with hydrogen when we already have a perfectly adequate hydrocarbon infrastructure? Sure, digging up old buried hydrocarbons and burning them isn't good, but couldn't we start synthesizing light hydrocarbons using green technology, so at least those usages are carbon neutral?

Sure we can, but a) all processes synthesizing hydrocarbons start with hydrogen, so you'll need cheap green hydrogen to begin with, and b) it takes a lot of energy.

Re: Cheap, green hydrogen would be a breakthrough in clean energy

#43
There is, as far as I know, no fundamental physical reason that prevents us from having high-efficiency electrolysis and high-efficiency fuel cells.

As an example (I did not try to corrobate the report) here is a company that claims 95% for the former:

https://newatlas.com/energy/hysata-efficient-hydrogen-electr...

So while it is true that current technology doesn't make hydrogen look like a viable option, improvements like we have seen in the field of lithium ans other batteries are probably possible and could change that outlook massively.

If someone manages to produce 1kg of hydrogen for $1, that would, more or less, equal the current high spot price of natural gas ($9 for 1 million BTU, according to Wolfram alpha that's 293kwh).

Re: Cheap, green hydrogen would be a breakthrough in clean energy

#44
I can get behind the round-trip inefficiencies if it gets terribly cheap, but I can't imagine how storage and transportation can ever be economical.

We are trying to contain the most volatile substance in the universe. It needs incredible pressure just to be manageable and even then, it freaking diffuses within the steel walls themselves, leaking and making it brittle over time. It's not hard to imagine single protons wandering by in high pressure H2.

I mean, it's doable, but economical? It's hard for me to believe it ever will be, no matter the scale.

Re: Cheap, green hydrogen would be a breakthrough in clean energy

#46
post #8

This is such generic analysis all it serves as is just a big-name-person blog post that can be linked to as an example of status-quo conventional wisdom. The question is all in the numbers. What are the estimated prices of the four methods he mentions? What are their near term prospects for price reduction and/or efficiency gains? What are the crossover points between the economics of exiting methane steam reformatio…

> This is such generic analysis all it serves as is just a big-name-person blog post that can be linked to as an example of status-quo conventional wisdom.

I thought the same thing, but reading through the comments here makes me realize how many people seem to be completely unaware about the hydrogen discussion.

Re: Cheap, green hydrogen would be a breakthrough in clean energy

#47
post #25

I don't see hydrogen playing any role for energy storage or grid demand balancing. Even if all the technical and engineering challenges associated with storing and transporting it safely could be addressed, I just don't see how the economics of green hydrogen is supposed to work. The round-trip energy efficiency of electrolysis-fuel cell is poor - currently about 40%. The counter-argument is that such inefficiency do…

The only reason it's discussed is because the fossil fuel industry has a lot of experience and infrastructure around liquid fuels. It wants a future where there is a new liquid fuel so that it can leverage that experience and infrastructure. They are pouring huge sums into moving the academic and public conversation in the direction of hydrogen - it's like the tobacco companies all over again. Don't trust a word that…

Yes. I'm surprised to see this from Bill Gates:

"Another option is to produce hydrogen using the current methods that burn fossil fuels and then capture the CO2 produced in the process before it’s released in the atmosphere. It may never be economical to capture 100 percent of the carbon released using incumbent technologies, but while we’re waiting for thousands of industrial facilities to retrofit their infrastructure, carbon capture can help drive emissions way down."

That's the oil industry position. See "Blue hydrogen".

The "hydrogen economy" concept made more sense a decade ago. Solar cells, wind farms, and batteries have improved so much that it's obsolete.

(Now if we can just get the US auto industry to produce electric cars fast enough to keep up with demand. The electric light truck sector is running at least a year behind. This is being used as an excuse for premium pricing.)

Re: Cheap, green hydrogen would be a breakthrough in clean energy

#48
post #39

Sad that there is no mention of ammonia, everyone knows this is the most efficient method of storing and transporting hydrogen.

I didn't know that. It certainly is safer.

Ammonia production, as I already mentioned in another reply, currently requires natural gas as as source of hydrogen.

Regardless of its use as a way of storing energy, it is already a very important industrial ingredient. Namely for fertilizer production.

As I see it, the only major problem with the current technology is that it might not be adaptable to new sources. New plants would have to be built.

Re: Cheap, green hydrogen would be a breakthrough in clean energy

#49
post #29
post #15

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Can you expand why separation from water is a net energy loss?

Water electrolysis is around 60-80 percent efficient. Hydrogen fuel cells are around 40-60 percent efficient. Plus you spend additional energy to either compress or cool the hydrogen in order to be able to store it. Electricity storage in a lithium-ion battery is on the order of 98% efficient, and electric motors are around 90% efficient (if you take into account the whole drivetrain).

Thanks! Although it seems like these numbers can be improved [0] and are not fundamentally linked to the technology.

[0]: https://newatlas.com/energy/hysata-efficient-hydrogen-electr...

Re: Cheap, green hydrogen would be a breakthrough in clean energy

#50
I see exactly NO explanation about clean hydrogen production:

- electrolysis demand so much energy that there is no point in using it, yes we can even use p.v. power to made hydrogen, only issue: with a large stadium of panel we can produce less than a pencil volume in H. Natural H reserves given it's atomic size sound a bit sci-fi to me;

- since we can't store it safely we need to use it almost directly, witch is doable in fuel-cell but since decades we fail to see real practical applications on scale.

Long story short: yes if we can produce hydrogen in a clean way in quantity and we can store it the Green New Deal is solved, actually we can't. Similar thing for p.v./eolic for electricity: if we can find hyper-cheap, hyper-effective, hyper-capable batteries the renewable revolution is solved, again we can't. Lithium is the best we have now and is far to be usable on scale.

Honestly, considering myself a REAL environmentalist, witch means someone who really care about nature, not simply dream about sci-fi like tech on advertisement, the sole practical Green revolution for a spring grass green, not a dollar-green, I see are:

- nuclear fission, since we have it, we can enlarge it, it's already working and can give us nearly enough energy for almost needs, waiting for something better, perhaps fusion if it ever arrive. To be safe and usable enough it MUST BE a PUBLIC ONLY scenario;

- mountain hydro as much as we can, p.v. and eolic for SMALL plants, like individual homes or to give extra power when possible to small community;

- pushing electric logistic witch means nuclear ships and electric trains powered by public NPP, eventually receiving p.v./eolic surplus where possible;

- pushing AT MAXIMUM new modern homes constructions to need FAR LESS energy to keep them comfortable;

- pushing as much as possible electrification of industries, for some is easy (aluminum, glass for instance) for some next to impossible so fare (steel, ceramic etc) trying to favor via taxes the electrified ones, like "aluminum products cost less than iron one, use steel only if is REALLY needed";

- gas for the needed interim because so far we have not enough nuclear and we can't create new one quickly. Methane is the least pollutant of all oil&gas products we have available in sufficient quantity with sufficiently spread infra.

The rest is nothing grass green, just suicidal propaganda to milk money keeping the ship running toward rocks.

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