One thing I've found is that many doctors are willing to share the rationale for their decisions and recommendations if you question them on the state of the research. Some have even gone as far as to send me papers after we've met. Doctors in many cases are human body-nerds and are willing to talk with interested patients about their subject.
Doctors who won't justify themselves can often be avoided at least in medium-sized and larger urban areas.
The main observation is that in medicine you need to be your own advocate. The doctor is used to people who just want an answer or a cure. They're not going to break out the journals for every patient because most patients don't want that. This also goes for dentistry.