Earlier quoted context omitted.
That’s not the way it works. So of course it sounds illegal because you’ve made up an illegal scenario. When the board triggers this clause, they may sell shares to existing shareholders at a discount. These are new shares. Companies have every right to sell shares outside of the exchange they’re listed on… and they do that all the time, through employee grants or options, for example. When raising funds they general…
A company can't pay a dividend to some shareholders but not others. This action would effectively be giving in-the-money call options to some shareholders but not others. Probably legal, but pretty dodgy.
But it can sell shares to some and not others [1]. (This was a landmark decision [2].)
[1] https://law.justia.com/cases/delaware/supreme-court/1985/493...
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unocal_Corp._v._Mesa_Petroleum....