>What improvements have materialised for diahwasher?
It takes a simple google search if you were interested.
A huge one is the cost savings by allowing energy efficient motors that tune across a wide range of current/temperature/torque as an appliance runs [1]. This is decades old, and requires complex feedback and algorithms extremely costly to implement without a microprocessor. It also allows motors to use less materials, which given fluctuating raw material costs, reduces price volatility. So: energy savings, less materials, lower costs.
This is such a big deal that companies like STMicroelectronics make STM32 CPUs explicitly designed for this, for dishwashers, and they are sold as such [2].
The same control ideas are used to make the heater coils more efficient, again using algorithms implemented in MCUs. This allows top performing devices to use less energy. From 1993 to 2003 advances reduced avg energy use per cycle from 2.6kWh and 10 gallons of water to 1.8 kWh/cycle (30% less energy) and 6 gallons of water (40% less water) [3]. In 2020 avg is about 4.2 gallons per cycle [4]. In 2022 it's 2.36 gal [5].
Annual energy usage for 2022 dishwashers is around 199 kWh/yr [5]. From the above papers in 2008 it was around 325 kWh/yr.
This took [1] https://www.electronicdesign.com/technologies/motion-systems...
[2] https://www.st.com/en/applications/home-and-professional-app...
[3] https://www.aceee.org/files/proceedings/2008/data/papers/1_1...
[4] https://prudentreviews.com/how-much-water-does-a-dishwasher-...
[5] https://www.energystar.gov/most-efficient/me-certified-dishw...