Live data from Hacker News

Why can’t I go faster than the speed of light?

gravityandlevity.wordpress.com

131–140 of 234 posts

Re: Why can’t I go faster than the speed of light?

#131
post #23

I think a lot of people assume that this means you couldn't go more than a few (~100) light-years in your lifetime... But this is not actually correct. Counter-intuitively you can theorically go any number of light-years (essentially) in your lifetime, as long as you are able to approach the speed of light because when you do so the distance is dilated and hence you're covering far more ground within your reference f…

>Why can’t I go faster than the speed of light?

I assume people know how bad the penalty can be for going merely 10 MPH over the speed limit.

Don't worry about an individual photon except as part of an image in this example.

The light from the source hits the subject and is reflected toward your eyes at the speed of light.

That's why they call it the speed of light, and radio signals do it too between their source & receiver.

So now imagine you could travel faster than the speed of light to a planet a number of light-years away and you are going to get there from here.

Once you leave Earth orbit you will be able to accelerate up to and beyond c in the safest most gradual way directly toward your destination.

While still in orbit you look down on the traffic in your hometown, and everything is still moving at normal speed no matter how far it is down there, since you are a steady distance away from what it is you are looking at.

As you accelerate away from Earth and approach the speed of light itself you're beginning to catch up with the light that was reflected off your home planet quite a bit earlier than the light which is simultaneously being seen by those back in orbit.

So at half c you look out the window and it looks like everyone back in your hometown is moving at half speed. But naturally time marches on down there. You just can't be so sure any more. At that speed if you left 2 years earlier you will only be able to know additional things about your home which happened no more recently than 1 year ago at that point.

Of course you can't communicate with them about this in real time because of how long it takes the radio signal to get back & forth so you don't bother.

You keep going and reach full light speed which finally matches the rate the images are being reflected away from the Earth at, so now look back home and everyone appears to be standing still on Earth, as expected. Even though as far as you know they are still carrying on like normal.

OTOH, approaching the destination planet at the speed of light, that's pretty fast, but you have to realize their alien traffic is actually only moving half as quickly as it looks from your craft, whilst you are speeding so rapidly in their direction. Don't let that fool you, the aliens are only half as advanced as they look.

If you want to really see something, go faster than the speed of light and the planet you are approaching will be moving more than twice as fast as normal, and looking Earthward all you can see would be things moving backwards.

One thing that's happening is that you are always seeing images of these two planets where the light source originated from two different suns.

Once the distances get far enough, it's possible to launch a mission to a destination that actually no longer existed any more for quite some time before launch, only who knew?

In that case the earlier you make your reservations the more unwise it could be.

Re: Why can’t I go faster than the speed of light?

#132
post #6

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Hm, but if I can make my angle orthogonal to the time axis, isn’t that like instantaneous movement?

Yes, which is why a photon experiences zero proper time.

That proper time is zero everywhere along a photon's geodesic does not mean that the photon cannot evolve from point to point along it, and we can show this by taking advantage of total coordinate freedom.

We can parametrize (as in make parametric) arbitrary curves through spacetime however we like. Parametric representations of unique curves are generally nonunique.

Some of the infinite possible parametrizations of a chosen curve have useful properties, such as uniquely labelling every point on the curve with some monotonically ordering value and keeping the form of some set of equations reasonably simple.

For timelike geodesics, particularly in the Minkowski space of Special Relativity, proper time (being a Lorentz scalar) is a good option. However that is not true for all geodesics in Minkowski space (as you note, the proper time is everywhere zero on a null geodesic, and so a bad option), much less all curves through general curved spacetimes.

For null geodesics, following the logic of GP's question, we may wish to preserve the tangent vector under parallel transport; this requires the parametrization to be affine. Some gory details at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodesic#Affine_geodesics and a brief useful summary at https://www.reddit.com/r/AskPhysics/comments/9aenid/what_act...

As is noted below the comment directly pointed to by the second link, labelling a timelike geodesic with proper time is choosing one specific affine parametrization on that geodesic, and that this choice is driven by convenience.

One of the neat outcomes of affine parametrization is that we can take a point on an affinely-parameterized null geodesic and look at the derivative with respect to the affine parameter there, and define a momentum k^{\mu} = \dot X^{\mu}. In a Lorentzian spacetime, with curvature, we can compare the momentum at two different points on the null geodesic, giving us the gravitational redshift between those two points of the photon's wavelength equiv. frequency.

Re: Why can’t I go faster than the speed of light?

#133
Velocity is a relative number. So let's say your are going 0.9 c but I'm going at 0.8 c now according to me you can go 0.7 more at least. But you're already going 0.9 and adding 0.7 will put you above speed of light. You can say you're already travelling faster than light relative to something out there... So what the hell are we talking about here?

Re: Why can’t I go faster than the speed of light?

#134

Earlier quoted context omitted.

just curious... does "time" have a "speed" ? Is travelling at the speed of light, actually travelling a a fraction of the speed of time?

Yes, one second per second.

I know this might seem like a joke answer but I love it because it's the truest answer.

The 'speed of light' is nothing but a coefficient between seconds and meters (or in general, between units of time and units of distance and is equal to 1 in any sensible measurement system) since the spacetime in GR is unified

Re: Why can’t I go faster than the speed of light?

#135
post #3

The simplest way I could ever wrap my head around this, is to understand that everything travels through spacetime at the same speed. There is no travelling faster or slower, just crossing the graph at a different angle.

And the reason for this, as we all know, is because the universe runs on distributed computers with no global state, where each computer simulates its own local physics and connects only to other nearby computers, and thus the so-called speed of light is simply the emergent rate that data may travel across the network.

No, has to be more subtle than that.

The rate the simulators transmit data are irrelevant to our timeframe (since we’re a part of the computation).

I believe it’s more like a centralized interpreter with decentralized (NP) evaluation strategies. The limit reflects the minumium size of a recursive expression.

Re: Why can’t I go faster than the speed of light?

#136
post #3

The simplest way I could ever wrap my head around this, is to understand that everything travels through spacetime at the same speed. There is no travelling faster or slower, just crossing the graph at a different angle.

And the reason for this, as we all know, is because the universe runs on distributed computers with no global state, where each computer simulates its own local physics and connects only to other nearby computers, and thus the so-called speed of light is simply the emergent rate that data may travel across the network.

It's funny, as a programmer i had similar interpretations. Universe is like a processor and the c is the frequency limit.

There was a talk with lawrence krauss I think, where he explained that at galaxy scales, everything is distributed, there's not one reality but an infinity since no point in space can be aware of far points in the universe.

I also wonder if there would be ways to tweak C.

Re: Why can’t I go faster than the speed of light?

#137
post #23

I think a lot of people assume that this means you couldn't go more than a few (~100) light-years in your lifetime... But this is not actually correct. Counter-intuitively you can theorically go any number of light-years (essentially) in your lifetime, as long as you are able to approach the speed of light because when you do so the distance is dilated and hence you're covering far more ground within your reference f…

You can even do so without going near the speed of light if you build a very massive ship and utilize time dilation of gravity.

Arvin Ash has a cool video on this that is probably too complicated to describe in a HN comment:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PA66ah9b0U4

Re: Why can’t I go faster than the speed of light?

#138
As far as I know, we can, and do, go faster than light all the time. Right now, our bodies are going faster than light, relative to other astronomical bodies.

Space can expand faster than the speed of light. Therefore, since WE are on one galaxy, we are traveling faster than the speed of light away from other galaxies.

Oh...did you mean us PERSONALLY traveling faster than the speed of light to other parts of the galaxy?

This is probably the best analogy I've seen: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A2JCoIGyGxc

Re: Why can’t I go faster than the speed of light?

#140

Light isn’t limited in the speed it can travel. Mass is. Light can’t exist without matter. The fundamental limit is mass versus all of the forces which act as drag.

Why are gravitational waves limited by the same speed limit? There is no mass traveling in that case, I suppose.
Post reply on HN