I think bringing up dogs is very interesting. Certainly in much of the Western world there is a cultural association between dogs and humans so that presenting that scenario suggests that the dog was likely killed for some kind of senseless or sadistic purpose, after all why would someone just decide to randomly kill a dog?
But plenty of Asian cultures do exactly that, they raise dogs to adulthood, and then kill it and eat that food, and while it may seem repulsive to our culture that's most likely due to different customs rather than due to logical arguments that differentiate between dogs and pigs.
So to answer your question, in principle it absolutely applies to dogs and the Asian cultures that raise dogs and then kill them and consume them is not really any different from Western cultures that raise cows and kill them and consume them.
Maybe to turn the question back to you on the subject of dogs. If I owned a dog as a pet and fed my dog food I purchased from the pet store (as opposed to letting it hunt for food around my neighborhood), am I doing something violent and potentially unethical because dogs eat meat and I purchased meat for my dog that was farmed? I agree this is an absurd scenario, but if your position is that a human killing an animal is intrinsically violent always and in and of itself, then you must conclude that anyone who owns a pet that consumes meat is also supporting a violent and immoral practice, and yet I doubt most people would be willing to stretch their definition of violence to that degree.
In my opinion your scenario is evidence that many of our perceptions on this issue are influenced not by an objective sense of morality and an extensive consideration of ethics, but an emotional and cultural feeling that we are predisposed towards, and then moral justifications are derived after the fact. Furthermore there is emerging evidence that vegetarianism is often not an ethical choice, but a matter of food preference that like many other food preferences, has genetic roots. Some people are just predisposed genetically to favor a vegetarian diet, and it's not like someone would consciously know that their food predisposition is genetic, as if some kind of message would indicate it to them, so I wouldn't be surprised if many vegetarians rationalize their choice by saying it's an ethical decision, when it's mostly a genetic decision.
That said, that doesn't invalidate arguments against killing animals anymore than my predisposition to enjoy eating meat justifies killing animals, but it does shed light on the nature of this argument and that our choices on this issue are not based on reason, however much we may wish they were.