Thermal insulators (air) conduct heat poorly. Thermal conductors (metal) transfer hear rapidly, but "hold" onto limited amounts. Thermal batteries (concrete, earth, water, marble) balance heat storage and transference.
Geothermal systems use the ground as a sort of battery- drawing heat in winter, dumping it in summer.
Smart designs will use concrete floors in front of windows to store and release heat from the sun in winter (and rely on overhangs to keep sun out in summer).
Presumably, the concrete foundation (or a really big block) could serve a similar purpose with a hydronic system transferring heat in and out of the block to and from radiators in the rest of the building.
During summer months, run water from the radiators through an evaporative cooling system, to the concrete block, back to radiators. The concrete will cool down when the evaporative system is at peak efficiency, and siphon heat off when it is not.
During winter, instead of going through evaporative cooling, the water could ve pumped through solar heating panels to the same effect- the concrete warms on sunny days, storing excess heat, and bleeds it back to the water on cloudier days.
As you can imagine, the system would be very difficult to get correctly sized for a commercial building, and require backup heating and cooling for anything but temperate weather.