Something I don't understand about US unions I often see mandatory dues being brought up as arguments against unions in the US. I've never heard of that practice here, so I looked and it is in fact illegal here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed_shop#Council_of_Europe based on the freedom of association (which also covers freedom of _not_ associating). There's also no requirement for employers to negotiate or reco…
US labor law doesn't recognize members only unions. Employers don't have to negotiate with them. They have less incentive to negotiate because the outcome isn't binding. Strikers are just AWOL. And the prevailing legal opinion seems to be a union can't represent more than 50% but less than 100% of a bargaining unit.