This kind of assumes that a “maxed out” civilization can expand at speed of light, but I don’t think it is given. It may very well be that meaningfully massive transport cannot exceed even a small fraction of c . After all, propulsion has to make energetic sense. 1. There is energy to get to speed 2. Mass of fuel to decelerate (and you have to accelerate that fuel in the beginning!) 3. Highly blue shifted CMB (that a…
Sometimes I wonder if a prerequisite to becoming the kind of civilization that could span a large volume of space is becoming the kind of civilization that has solved the problems that might drive a civilization to need that kind of expansion. Consider Earth. If we set T=0 at one year ago, and assume that there really is no way around the speed of light, then it follows that by year N, every human alive must be withi…
Meaning a single individual would be and use the whole galaxy.