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Ask HN: What scientific phenomenon do you wish someone would explain better?

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Re: Ask HN: What scientific phenomenon do you wish someone would explain better?

#801
post #663

Earlier quoted context omitted.

It works like this: imagine we create some new Bank. Customer A deposits his life savings of 1 million hackerbucks. Now our Bank loans out 50,000 of those hackerbucks to Customer B. It does this by crediting her account with 50,000 hackerbucks, but notice that Customer A still has 1 million in his account - so now there's 1,050,000 hackerbucks in apparent existence - we've created 50,000 hackerbucks from thin air. If…

Thank you for clarifying. So the bank's speculative asset loses value: I struggle to see this as money being destroyed as it wasn't actually money, it was an asset with a price attached to it which has now changed. In contrast to money sat in your bank account, the price was never redeemable (you couldn't go spend it on beer) unless you used that asset to get the debtor to pay you back (or convinced someone else it w…

It's money in the same sense as the money that was created by the loan in the first place is money - it's not physical currency, but the insight is that the money created by financial means like this bids up prices in the same way as literally minting extra physical currency and distributing it would.

When that loan asset is written down the bank has to make up the difference from its equity - this ends up reducing the amount of loans it can write, so you get a contraction in the monetary supply.

So in the end, I guess the shorter answer is that a default destroys money in the same way that writing a loan creates it - you might well complain that no actual currency has been created or destroyed, but the argument is that it has a similar overall effect.

Re: Ask HN: What scientific phenomenon do you wish someone would explain better?

#802

Earlier quoted context omitted.

But if you take away the third lens, there is no light of any polarization. How is it that by adding a filter, you create light where there was none?

Only if you take away the middle lens, not the third. Here's what I would have thought happens: After the first lens, you get polarized light, 90deg offset from the last lens, so no light passes. Then you introduce a 3rd lens in the middle, 45deg offset. This could alter the polarization (maybe it widens the band, or introduce some greater variance, shifts it who knows), and this is why now some light will pass throu…

If it is true that placing the 45 degree lens third or first does not show the same effect, it is much less astonishing.

Re: Ask HN: What scientific phenomenon do you wish someone would explain better?

#803
post #798

I'd really love an explanation of what specific impulse is. I've looked it up a few times but the units seconds^-1 confuses me, what does this represent?

I think the unit is just one of those weird dimensional equivalences that pop up from time to time. E.g. fuel efficiency in cars is measured as distance / volume (of fuel consumed), so it's dimensionally equivalent to area^-2. But we don't use this because "1 mile per gallon" makes a lot more sense than "42.5 cm^-2".

Re: Ask HN: What scientific phenomenon do you wish someone would explain better?

#804
post #119

I would like to understand how cellular biology processes actually work. Like, how do all the right modules and proteins line up in the right orientation every time? Every time I watch animations, it seems like the proteins and such just magically appear when needed and disappear when not needed [0]. Sometimes it's an ultra-complex looking protein and it just magically flys over to the DNA, attaches to the correct sp…

It's not so much "magic" as it is the sheer rate of molecular collisions in the cytosol. There are so many collisions happening that at least one of them will do what you want. Here's a back-of-the-napkin example, admittedly with many simplifications: A tRNA molecule at body temperature travels at roughly 10 m/s. Assuming a point-sized tRNA and stationary ribosome of radius 125 * 10^-10 m, the ray casted by the movin…

I'd love to see a form of physical analysis like this extended to a statistical analysis of the likelihood of abiogenesis.

I know 4 billion years is a long time and the earth has a lot of matter rattling on it at any given time, but if every atom in the universe was a computer cranking out a trillion characters per second, you'd only have a 1 in a quarter quadrillion chance of making it to 'a new nation' in the first sentence of the Gettysburg address. Seeing the complexity in even the most trivial biological system just makes me scratch my head and wonder how its possible at all.

I'm not invoking God here. I just see a huge gulf in complexity that is difficult for me to traverse mentally.

Re: Ask HN: What scientific phenomenon do you wish someone would explain better?

#805
post #598

Wormhole time machines. The idea is, you can transform a normal [0] wormhole that isn’t a time machine into one which is by: 1) accelerating one end to high speed relative to the other 2) keeping on end in a lower gravitational potential than the other Why are either of these considered meaningful statements, never mind correct ? In the case of 2 in particular, isn’t GR supposed to require smooth values? So any time…

I'll answer 2. You are correct that clocks just to either side of the throat will stay synchronized. But it's important to remember that time dilation isn't some kind of absolute effect. The easiest way to talk about it is in terms of clocks following paths. Imagine you have two spaceships in London. At the fire of a starting gun, they both take off, and fly around, each one taking a different path. Each ship has a c…

That helps, thanks.

It doesn’t fully solve my confusion, but I suspect I need to study more before I can even ask the right next question. :)

Re: Ask HN: What scientific phenomenon do you wish someone would explain better?

#806

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Great discussion, I agree with inopinatus who, if I am not mistaken, supports my position that the science is not quite out on this topic yet. Many explanations exist, none seem to be all-encompassing. That being said, it doesn't answer the question posed in this forum: "What scientific phenomenon do you wish someone would explain better?" Instead, it answers the question: "What scientific phenomenon do you wish some…

I guess my question on this specific topic would be, "What aspects of bicycle operation are not adequately explained by gyroscopic action under the control of a human rider?" That would give us a good basis for inquiry into other possible principles. Sure, a bike could work some other way, but my point is, it doesn't need to. Anyone who has ever picked up a hard drive should understand how a bicycle remains upright.…

Well, apparently it is.

Re: Ask HN: What scientific phenomenon do you wish someone would explain better?

#807

Earlier quoted context omitted.

and that had never happened to you in your other trips?

No, was really strange, I was pretty experienced by then too. Was never the same after.

Did you take 300ug before?

Sorry for the questions, we can talk about it somewhere else, just add an email or protonmail account to your hackernews account I'll mail you there

Re: Ask HN: What scientific phenomenon do you wish someone would explain better?

#808

I don't know if this would be my "one question" if I could ask the most brilliant minds in science, but something that always bothered me: When I took physics they basically said "at first scientists were disturbed by the fact that magnets imply that two objects are interacting without any physical contact, but then Faraday came along and said 'the magnets are actually connected by invisible magnetic field lines' and…

The answer is related to Relativity. Read this: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/materials-science-and-engineerin...

Re: Ask HN: What scientific phenomenon do you wish someone would explain better?

#809

Light, a mixture of why a thing is the colour that it is? As well as why reflection would be angle of incidence is angle of exit. My current understanding of colour is that the colour of an object is defined by the ability of the electrons in the compound jump different energy levels. I don't know if that in itself is enough to result in all the colour we see. My current understanding of reflection is that because of…

You are mixing a lot of different things:

* The reflection angle laws are due to the laws of conservation, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snell%27s_law

* For a pure colour, the colour is simply the energy of the photons. Atoms have discrete stable electron orbits, and electrons moving between these levels will absorb or emit discrete levels of energy in the form of photons, which is why we have spectral lines. Reality is more complicated because part of the energy may be converted to vibrations of the atom itself (phonons).

* Another factor is the perception of colour. In physics to characterize light one measures its spectra, the intensity of the light versus its wavelength (wavelength = speed of light in vacuum / frequency). The perception of colour of these distributions isn't always always what one would expect.

Re: Ask HN: What scientific phenomenon do you wish someone would explain better?

#810

Absorption spectra baffle me and I've never seen an explanation that helps me understand. It seems conceptually simple, except the requirement that the energy of an photon exactly match some required energy in order to be absorbed seems really unlikely, since photon energy not a discrete quantity, and varies according to doppler effects and other things. It seems like the vast majority of photons would just fly throu…

The match between the energy of the photon and the atom orbits doesn't have to be perfect. Part of the energy may be added or removed as vibrations (phonons).
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