Earlier quoted context omitted.
Right - $300 billion in assets, plus $300 billion in debts means the company is worth: a) $600 billion b) $300 billion c) $0 If you choose anything other than c, I'd love to sell you some businesses.
(B). The company is worth $300 billion to the bondholders, and $0 to shareholders, giving a total value of $300 billion. And that's assuming the company is being liquidated. Most companies with viable businesses are worth a lot more than their assets because the big part of the valuation is assumed future earnings.
I'd love to create lots of value for you by borrowing money from you. I would even consent to not destroy any of that value through making payments.
The bond is worth $300b to the bondholders, but only because it is expected to be paid back and is secured by the $300b assets. You can prove that by assuming those assets disappeared: how much is the bond (or the company) worth to the bondholders then?