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Exposure to air pollution is linked to an increase in violent crime

economist.com

71–80 of 241 posts

Re: Exposure to air pollution is linked to an increase in violent crime

#71
post #68

It just doesn’t make sense intuitively to me. This feels more like an example to show correlation does not equal causation. So what if the violent crime is higher in highly polluted areas? How is that information useful for anything?

Well, for starters, it might incentivize governments that want to reduce crime to reduce pollution.

Re: Exposure to air pollution is linked to an increase in violent crime

#72
post #68

It just doesn’t make sense intuitively to me. This feels more like an example to show correlation does not equal causation. So what if the violent crime is higher in highly polluted areas? How is that information useful for anything?

Never read about the fall of Rome?

Re: Exposure to air pollution is linked to an increase in violent crime

#73

For all those commenting on 'aren't more polluted areas just more criminal due to other factors", as far as I can tell the researchers examined crime rates for the same place and find correlation with whether there was more Ozone and PM 2,5 on a particular day or not. So they are not comparing clean air neighborhoods to highly polluted neighborhoods, but the same neighborhood on different days. https://www.sciencedai…

> correlation

An interesting result, to be sure, but correlation does not imply causation.

Re: Exposure to air pollution is linked to an increase in violent crime

#74
post #45

For all those commenting on 'aren't more polluted areas just more criminal due to other factors", as far as I can tell the researchers examined crime rates for the same place and find correlation with whether there was more Ozone and PM 2,5 on a particular day or not. So they are not comparing clean air neighborhoods to highly polluted neighborhoods, but the same neighborhood on different days. https://www.sciencedai…

Do you know if they controlled for daytime population? As in weekdays vs weekends?

Seasons

Re: Exposure to air pollution is linked to an increase in violent crime

#75

For all those commenting on 'aren't more polluted areas just more criminal due to other factors", as far as I can tell the researchers examined crime rates for the same place and find correlation with whether there was more Ozone and PM 2,5 on a particular day or not. So they are not comparing clean air neighborhoods to highly polluted neighborhoods, but the same neighborhood on different days. https://www.sciencedai…

> correlation An interesting result, to be sure, but correlation does not imply causation.

But it may strongly hint at it and warrant further research.

[0] https://xkcd.com/552/

[1] http://bayes.cs.ucla.edu/WHY/

Re: Exposure to air pollution is linked to an increase in violent crime

#76
post #57
post #30

Earlier quoted context omitted.

You can't do it with humans, for ethical reasons, but why not take some other social animal, say mice, put one population in a box with zero pollution, and one hooked up to an old car exhaust with leaded gasoline? I'd wager the ones with the pollution are going to eat each other's faces at a much higher rate than those without. For giggles and to test some fall of Rome hypotheses, run a 3rd cage where the water comes…

Can one still buy leaded petrol in the states? In any case, I agree you can't do this properly with humans. And lead is definitely a factor in many deceases including mental ones so it could well be one of the causes of increased violence.

It's still widely available (and in use) for small piston aircraft as avgas. And it seems like tetraethyl lead is still available for people to mix their own leaded gas to put in very old cars.

Re: Exposure to air pollution is linked to an increase in violent crime

#77
The article doesn't talk about mechanisms, but researchers have been looking at the effects of air pollution on the brain for a while, so there are at least some hints in the literature. My favorite specific result to cite in this general direction, which seems potentially relevant here, is that there is evidence that acute exposure to some forms of air pollution blunts or even eliminates the increase in serum brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF; basically a kind of growth hormone for the brain) otherwise caused by exercise [1]. Depending on what's mediating that effect, it could be that a whole complex of CNS regulation/recovery/maintenance mechanisms is altered by various forms of air pollution.

[1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21708224

Re: Exposure to air pollution is linked to an increase in violent crime

#79

Earlier quoted context omitted.

"The researchers made no claims on the physiological, mechanistic relationship of how exposure to pollution leads someone to become more aggressive; their results only show a strong correlative relationship between such crimes and levels of air pollution. The researchers were careful to correct for other possible explanations, including weather, heat waves, precipitation, or more general, county-specific confounding…

> their results only show a strong correlative relationship The paper's abstract says "The results suggest that a 10% reduction in daily PM2.5 and ozone could save $1.4 billion in crime costs per year, a previously overlooked cost associated with pollution." In my opinion this is a statement of a causal relationship, not merely a correlation. I wonder why they didn't reverse that relationship, too, and propose that v…

"Suggest and could" are different than "indicate and will".

Re: Exposure to air pollution is linked to an increase in violent crime

#80
It's such a typical kneejerk "skeptical" reaction at this point to be like "oh well maybe correlation doesn't imply causation" as if there are no causal relationships ever in life itself.

But really if the rationalists just took a few seconds to think about it maybe they'd find a some plausibility in the notion that exposure to harmful pollution could trigger a stress response; stress is intimately wrapped up with aggression.

https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2004/10/feedback-cyc...

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