I've got school aged kids in the UK, and I've never seen anything other than phonics as the way to teach reading. Seems to work just fine, never came across a kid who couldn't read quite soon after they started being taught. But of course that may just be my particular environment.
Yes, only ever seen phonics taught in the UK - wasn't aware there were alternative approaches, let alone any controversy on the topic. It might not be clear from the original article, but it isn't just single letters, there are also digraphs (i.e. two letters that make one sound, e.g. bee is read b-ee), split digraphs (i.e. where a digraph is split by a consonant, e.g. a-e for cake), and later on things like the magi…
There was a big push by the Conservative government as soon as they got into power to get all primary schools to teach synthetic phonics. Before then, whole word teaching was quite common.