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Linus Torvalds on Why ARM Won't Win the Server Space

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Re: Linus Torvalds on Why ARM Won't Win the Server Space

#91
post #33

It's of course impossible not to respect Linus' opinion and first hand experience in this space, but doesn't this whole post completely ignore the 100 ton blue whale in the room? Namely smartphones . That's an entire enormous segment of the industry and it's nearly 100% (or entirely 100%?) literally develop-on-x86-deploy-on-ARM. Smartphones also fit > "This isn't rocket science. This isn't some made up story. This is…

He did address the so-called 100-ton blue whale at the end:

> End result: cross-development is mainly done for platforms that are so weak as to make it pointless to develop on them. Nobody does native development in the embedded space. But whenever the target is powerful enough to support native development, there's a huge pressure to do it that way, because the cross-development model is so relatively painful.

Re: Linus Torvalds on Why ARM Won't Win the Server Space

#92
post #57

I agree with Linus so far, as that the old RISC vendors got killed, because there were only a few, if any, offerings for consumers. Less so because of the code migration issues, but rather, because the volume of processor production was to low to compete with Intel back then. However, there is an elephant in the room today: smartphones. ARM processors are suddenly a huge market, allowing for higher R&D expenses. And…

It'd be great if Sun had a Niagara box priced like a PC when that chip was first launched. I bet our software would be running much better on multicore machines today. Maybe languages such as Rust would have been created sooner.

I remember joking that writing code for the Xeon Phi would be useful because that was probably what a Core i15 would look like. Now we have Xeon Platinums with similar core/thread counts, but only on the very high end while 8-thread machines are mainstream with 12 being seemingly the next step.

On ARM we have something interesting with the asymmetric cores, something Intel has only hinted they plan to pursue. Some tasks can go to slower cores that sip power while others may be better suited to beefy cores that can do speculative execution on deep pipelines and that could heat a small house.

Re: Linus Torvalds on Why ARM Won't Win the Server Space

#93
post #49

Earlier quoted context omitted.

but with smartphones you don't have a choice. so it's different.

I’m not sure if this is what you were implying, but I don’t know of any x86 processors that can compete with the Arm processors that are in use, on power consumption to performance ratio. Take e.g. Apple’s A12, which compete with their MacBooks in performance, and assuredly draw much less power.

> I don’t know of any x86 processors that can compete with the Arm processors that are in use, on power consumption to performance ratio

Not anymore, but there was a time when x86 was (barely) able to compete in that area and there were some x86-based smartphones and tablets. But it was too little too late: x86 already was a niche. Developers absolute had to support ARM, but x86 was optional, so many apps were not available for x86, and that was pretty much it for those devices.

Re: Linus Torvalds on Why ARM Won't Win the Server Space

#94

This is why if Apple ever did a legitimate server offering with virtualization they would kill it. How many devs, develop on Mac and deploy to linux? And also now use VMs for containers. Imagine if MacOS supported containers natively. They leave so much money on the table.

Very unlikely. "My way or the highway" is ingrained in their corporate DNA. Can't think of an attitude less suited for server side work where optimization to custom workloads makes massive cost difference

Re: Linus Torvalds on Why ARM Won't Win the Server Space

#95
post #75

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Not disagreeing, but answering the question of are all phones ARM: no, there Intel too. Source: had to add Intel build support for our Android SKUs to run on said phones. Some Unity stats from about 6 months ago indicated: ARMv7: 98.1% Intel x86: 1.7% I think a lot of the Intel stuff has been discontinued, not sure what is actively being developed outside of ARM right now.

This is strange. Maybe like a Windows phone? Where does it get those device metrics? < 2% makes me think it might just be that Androidx86 emulator project.

I remember some android phones using intel atom cpus, IIRC made by asus.

Re: Linus Torvalds on Why ARM Won't Win the Server Space

#96
post #2

So RISC-V CPU designers should aim for the developer market then? First win the hearts and minds of developers, then everything else will come.

No. It's unlikely that they'd be able to anyway - products (like, say, a Macbook Pro or ThinkPad) get targeted at developers. RISC-V is an instruction architecture, which gets used by a chip designer, which gets sold to a computer manufacturer, who does the actual marketing to end users, so they're about 4 links removed up the value chain.

What they should do is make RISC-V useful for computing at the edge - applying computation to areas where it's previously been infeasible (eg. smartwatches, wearables, RFID, drones, vehicles, etc). Developers go where the end users are. If a new end-user market opens up that suddenly needs a lot of software, developers will buy the same ISA that their customers are using. And then there will be strong pressure to run the other software that developers write (eg. servers, as Linus notes) on the same ISA to prevent cross-development.

Re: Linus Torvalds on Why ARM Won't Win the Server Space

#97

linus worked at a 'failed' intel competitor "transmeta", which was trying to make low powered chips. intel/amd are tough competitors. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmeta

I remember the Transmeta processor, they were neat. I only ever saw 1 Transmeta PC in the wild. IIRC it was a Sony sub notebook. Of course it was running in x86 mode and running Windows. I got to mess with it a bit and for the time it was a pretty good machine.

Re: Linus Torvalds on Why ARM Won't Win the Server Space

#98
post #43

> Some people think that "the cloud" means that the instruction set doesn't matter. Develop at home, deploy in the cloud. > That's bullshit. If you develop on x86, then you're going to want to deploy on x86, because you'll be able to run what you test "at home" (and by "at home" I don't mean literally in your home, but in your work environment). This is why having a compilation target that works the same way everywhe…

I disagree. Let passionate people on all sides have their say. I think it's more toxic to stifle passionate people. It's amazing how everyone from Steve Jobs to Bill Gates to Linus Torvalds is labeled as "toxic" and yet the "toxic" environment they created led to substantial advancements. And poisoning the well ( or any ad hominem derivatives ) doesn't stop discussion, it generally leads to more discussions - though…

> It's amazing how everyone from Steve Jobs to Bill Gates to Linus Torvalds is labeled as "toxic"

To be clear, there is a difference between toxic people and toxic behaviors. The former, I think, doesn't exist. There are people who often engage in toxic behavior, and those who do rarely. Pointing out toxic behavior is the first step to correcting it. And correcting it is in fact the goal of community guidelines, in order to establish a more inclusive culture.

> Let passionate people on all sides have their say. I think it's more toxic to stifle passionate people.

Let's be clear about what "toxic" means, and not let it degenerate to "loud and I don't like it." Toxic means that it actively damages open discussion, drives people away, and kills off conversations. It is the same sense as a toxic substance; kills.

> And poisoning the well ( or any ad hominem derivatives ) doesn't stop discussion, it generally leads to more discussions

Ok this is manifestly untrue. Please read (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisoning_the_well). Poisoning the well is a form of preemptive insult to discourage opponents from taking a position by making it seem toxic. The fallacy is aptly named.

> what you are doing could be viewed as a form of shaming

Yep! I am happy to shame toxic behavior when it is clear.

> and virtue signaling

Maybe. I'd be happy to do it anonymously if you would prefer.

> And at the end of the day, if you don't like linus's style of communication, you don't have to read or listen to it.

This is the very definition of suppressing conversation: sending people away who don't feel like putting up with insults. It's counterproductive and unnecessary.

> I don't understand the mentality of "I don't like it so you should change".

This isn't some he-said she-said situation. I am pointing out direct unprovoked insults designed to stifle discussion and establish a particular point of view. As I have made it abundantly clear, I find this completely unnecessary and I pointed it out because I really think we can stop doing this if we're just consistent about it. We'll have better discussions with more diverse viewpoints, not just hotheads shouting at each other.

Re: Linus Torvalds on Why ARM Won't Win the Server Space

#99

Except that doesn't quite explain why soo many developers use macbooks (OS/X), yet deploy on Linux. Personally I think ARM could be leapfrogged by RISC-V, though it will take longer than people predict.

> ARM could be leapfrogged by RISC-V

For the low-end deeply embedded space, I could see RISC V becoming a significant player in the next 5 years. ARM is relatively expensive there (it's cheap compared to Intel for servers, but at the low end it's more the IBM of Microsoft of old), and there's less need for their ecosystem (most 3rd party software is open source). The Cortex M are less flexible then some competitors in their configuration, and designing good small CPU IP is doable at the low end. So all the small custom designers (Andes, BA semi, Cortus...) can rally around RISC V and have cheap and flexible design, with a good shared software ecosystem. Today it's still one or the other.

At the high-end it's very different. To be competitive one has to take advantage of the latest process nodes, and work well ahead of time with fabs and EDA vendors on the next node(s). This is highly labor intensive, and it takes deep pockets and a lot of resources. ARM is already there, and well entrenched. Getting enough money to replicate this on the RISC V side will take a loooooong while, if it ever happens. Unless a deep pocketed company decides to use RISC V and go their own way, but it seems very unlikely. Look at how even Qualcomm reduced its work on custom ARM cores for their high end, and now do tweaks on ARM designs.

But personally I'm fine with this. It's mostly at the low end / embedded that I feel there's a need for more competition.

Re: Linus Torvalds on Why ARM Won't Win the Server Space

#100
post #43

> Some people think that "the cloud" means that the instruction set doesn't matter. Develop at home, deploy in the cloud. > That's bullshit. If you develop on x86, then you're going to want to deploy on x86, because you'll be able to run what you test "at home" (and by "at home" I don't mean literally in your home, but in your work environment). This is why having a compilation target that works the same way everywhe…

I disagree. Let passionate people on all sides have their say. I think it's more toxic to stifle passionate people. It's amazing how everyone from Steve Jobs to Bill Gates to Linus Torvalds is labeled as "toxic" and yet the "toxic" environment they created led to substantial advancements. And poisoning the well ( or any ad hominem derivatives ) doesn't stop discussion, it generally leads to more discussions - though…

Let passionate people be passionate, but there is no reason to accept immature and toxic behavior. I won't answer the rest, because I believe your opinion is stupid :)
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