Does this apply to iPhones? So someone could put this outside my house and listen to all my iPhone calls?
They can't listen to your calls without cracking the keys shared between the phone company and your phone...though I do remember reading a while back that "someone" managed to steal the list from sim card manufacturers on more than one occasion.
To avoid getting folks too worried about it being a widespread issue, this occurred for specifically targeted MENA-based cellular carriers, as I recall.