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How insects like bumblebees do so much with tiny brains

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Re: How insects like bumblebees do so much with tiny brains

#131

Earlier quoted context omitted.

The neurons in the eyes pre-process a huge amount of information converting data from about 126M rods and cones to 1M ganglion cells - a pretty amazing amount of data compression. Ref: https://www.amazon.com/Visual-Thinking-Kaufmann-Interactive-...

I guess that's true for mammalian eyes, but what about insect eyes? If the bumble brain only hold 200k neurons, how many do their eyes have on board?

~7000 elements per compound eye according to this page:

https://www.google.co.uk/amp/s/brookfieldfarmhoney.wordpress...

Re: How insects like bumblebees do so much with tiny brains

#132

Earlier quoted context omitted.

On eyes in general: the retina is not like a camera pixel array, rather, it extracts all kinds of features and detects motion: "Eye smarter than scientists believed: neural computations in circuits of the retina." Gollisch, Tim, and Markus Meister. Neuron 65.2 (2010): 150-164. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627309...

Yes. The retina is not so much a part of the eye as an extension of the brain into the eye.

They say the eyes are the window into the soul, but really we're just looking at each other's brains!

Re: How insects like bumblebees do so much with tiny brains

#133
post #67
post #66

Earlier quoted context omitted.

The condescension isn't too helpful here unfortunately (is it ever?). You could have made your initial response a bit less condescending by saying something like: The comment mentions "Landauer's principle", which provides some explanation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landauer's_principle Here as well, you could have made your comment better if you just omitted this part: "which you'd find if you'd attempt to read…

What do you find condescending in pointing that the clear sentence with enough information was edited of its most important part and that presented as "unclear"? The way he quoted the comment, it's not even visible that "the comment mentions" like you suggest. He kept the formula of the principle and only edited its very name out. Which is a direct name of the entry in Wikipedia. What do you find condescending when t…

Next time you ask for a clarification here I expect a list of the sources you approached first trying to figure it out on your own.

I'll be sure to offer my opinion on the breadth and depth of your research.

Re: How insects like bumblebees do so much with tiny brains

#134
post #47

Earlier quoted context omitted.

If you're afraid of spiders, I would suggest not clicking on that link. I was hoping for cute, but that is just a very large closeup of a spider, and it definitely just hit the fear instinct.

That one is ugly. The jumping spiders have a neater look due to their colors. The really colorful ones with big eyes might not hit fear instinct so hard. Try this one I cherry-picked: http://www.arachne.org.au/_dbase_upl/spi_mm.jpg

The ugly scary spider is much cuter with the green channel inverted.

http://imgur.com/gallery/WWoRX

Ugh, unfortunately that trick doesn't work for every ugly scary image.

http://imgur.com/gallery/SeAi3

Re: How insects like bumblebees do so much with tiny brains

#135

Highly relevant is the Portia genus of spiders ([0], [1]) and apparently other related jumping spiders ([2]). One of my favorite excerpts from [1]: > Harland says Portia’s eyesight is the place to start. Jumping spiders already have excellent vision and Portia’s is ten times as good, making it sharper than most mammals. However being so small, there is a trade-off in that Portia can only focus its eyes on a tiny spot…

Portia spiders are also referenced in Peter Watts' Echopraxia. (Some spoilers could be inferred from thinking about this too hard while reading the novel.)

Shouldn't you put the spoiler warning before the spoiler?

Re: How insects like bumblebees do so much with tiny brains

#136

Earlier quoted context omitted.

That one is ugly. The jumping spiders have a neater look due to their colors. The really colorful ones with big eyes might not hit fear instinct so hard. Try this one I cherry-picked: http://www.arachne.org.au/_dbase_upl/spi_mm.jpg

The ugly scary spider is much cuter with the green channel inverted. http://imgur.com/gallery/WWoRX Ugh, unfortunately that trick doesn't work for every ugly scary image. http://imgur.com/gallery/SeAi3

Lol. People that coast through life on acid would use these as additional justifications their way of living is more pleasant. I find it dangerously misleading, though. ;)

Re: How insects like bumblebees do so much with tiny brains

#137
post #52

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Much of Minsky's criticisms came before current and modern implementations of neural networks, using extremely large datasets and large GPU processing. I'm not saying his criticisms are invalid - and certainly should not be tossed aside! We are in the very early stages of another "AI Spring" - I have the inkling of an opinion that if we are to advanced further in the GAI direction, it will be by applying these same k…

They did come before our current datasets and processing power, but those were very predictable trends back then. I think the biggest flaw in his criticisms were that they were mathematically focused on very simple neural topologies. And while larger datasets and better processing power would have helped all ML methods, NNs have benefitted from the combination of external advances combined with very significant topol…

saosebastiao says:> "...we're kinda seeing a (IBM-centric) revolution in Symbolic AI and Logic Programming with Watson/UIMA."

Are we?

Watson appears to be a framework for applications using classical GOFAI techniques, so I would hesitate to term it "revolutionary". AFAICT its emergence is due to faster von Neumann hardware, not new algorithms. Not that NNs couldn't be rolled into the mix, too, of course.

I believe the current interest in NNs is an AI diversion, something to do until a breakthrough occurs. Now we find that bees can read faces, pull strings to get nectar, count, etc. So what? Are we closer to something that can navigate the world, solve problems like we do, using language to explain how it was done and answer questions?

IOW I await the first version of the Odyssey written by an AI, once it's excursions are complete (Kindle version: a Google car describing the perils of it's cross-country trip from NY to LA).

Re: How insects like bumblebees do so much with tiny brains

#138

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Welcome to the complexities of Hymenoptera genetics! Workers are 75% related to each other (sisters) and only 50% related to their mother (the queen). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplodiploidy#Relatedness_rati...

I remember reading essay on bees and altruism. Standard line is bees are altruistic because workers are 75% related. Author made the claim that's bunkum because a) Honey bees are rather extreme. b) Multiple male fathers. Bee reproductive setups are really diverse with honey bees at one end, solitary bees at the other, and just about anything else between.

The eusocial altruistic behavior of bees and other Hymenoptera requires relatedness (kin selection), but it also requires other ecological benefits like a nest that could be kept safe across multiple generations. This work is detailed exhaustively by Richard Alexander where he discusses origins of altruistic group behavior in both eusocial species and humans.

Re: How insects like bumblebees do so much with tiny brains

#139
post #49

Eusocial insects like honeybees, some wasps, and ants take this even one step further by combining the extraordinary but limited powers of one individual insect to make highly-complex decisions with the coordinated input from thousands or millions of individuals. It's often stated that after humans, these eusocial insects are the most advanced life form on earth. After studying, for example, the fascinating voting pr…

Bees, ants, and (I think) other hive living insects share ~75% of their DNA with their hive mates. This makes it reasonable to think of the hive as one individual! Just like we are made of individual cells and organs, an ant hill is made up of individual ants. That the parts can move separately is a fairly superficial difference.

The hive can be thought of as one superorganism, but I think it's more than a superficial difference.

Eusocial species behavior evolved from fully-functioning individual insects (solitary bees and wasps that still exist, for example) as a behavioral adaptation. A human organ is not a self-surviving entity with social behavior.

In a honeybee hive, queens typically mate with many male partners (10+). While all hive individuals are related, the majority female workers are each the product of diploid sex determination with multiple possible fathers.

Re: How insects like bumblebees do so much with tiny brains

#140
post #94

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I think you mean 100% because ants are clones. The only difference between them and the queen is the nurturing process they go through which influences epigenetics.

Welcome to the complexities of Hymenoptera genetics! Workers are 75% related to each other (sisters) and only 50% related to their mother (the queen). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplodiploidy#Relatedness_rati...

It's even more complicated than this with some species.

Those numbers are true if a female mates once. Honeybee (Apis spp.) queens that lead successful colonies, for example, typically mate with a dozen or more male partners. This has beneficial genetic effects but is probably done just to satisfy sperm storage requirements since they only perform one mating flight. The result of this is that the thousands of sisters in the hive have many different fathers, reducing the worker-to-worker relatedness.

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