High charges of low cost items are because of the amount of free care hospitals provide. I'm a physician in South Carolina and I take care of a tremendous number of fully employed people with no health insurance. Those of us with insurance pay for those without by paying higher costs. This gentleman would have probably received the same treatment in the US (at least at my facility) and received a $300,000 bill, of which he would probably never pay (bc he cannot). That artificial aortic graft sewn in probably cost the hospital $1500. It doesn't receive that for free. Nor does it expect the 7-8 people in the operating room or the post operative care to work for free. My hospital has an operating profit of less than 1% mainly because it provides so much free care. All I have to do to take care of a patient is declare it an emergency and there is no stopping of whatever care I feel is necessary to care for the patient, e.g., a newly diagnosed cancer patient. This, I believe, is true throughout the USA. And most of the people I take care of have jobs, but no insurance. Ask how many people that clean hotel rooms have insurance. How about people that work call centers? That, plus monopolist practices of the pharmaceutical industry and you have high costs.
And if you want physicians to make 100k - 150k, don't expect me to work 80+ hours a week, not including call. Attorneys give me $500 / hr for consultations, but in my real job I make $80 / hr, but just work a ton more hours a week (no overtime bonus, tho). I don't get sick days. I don't get vacation days. When I don't work, I don't get paid. When I was in private practice, when I didn't work, I not only didn't get paid, but still had to pay rent / malpractice / insurance / electric / employees which was about $5000/week for me. So taking a week off cost me lost revenue and $5000/week. Medicare pays $600 for taking out a gallbladder. Do the math to see how many have to be done to take care of the bills.