Earlier quoted context omitted.
My pocket calculator is faster than a human and has better memory. I don't know that this means the same thing as "superhuman in arithmetic". I can concede that it means superhuman in speed and memory, but, arithmetic? I don't think so. What it really does is move bits around registers. We are the ones interpreting those as numbers and the results of arithmetic operations. AlphaGo is rather different in that it actua…
Your calculator does have a representation of arithmetic too. It's those bits is moves around in registers, which are very much isomorphic to the relevant arithmetic. Why would an intelligence built by humans not be able to be superhuman? The generally accepted definition seems to be "having better than human performance" in which case it seems we've done it many times (like with calculators).
Hm. Strictly speaking I believe my pocket calculator has an FPGA, a general-purpose architecture that in my calculator happens to be programmed for arithmetic, specifically. So I think it's accurate for me to say that, although the calculator has a program and that program certainly is a representation of arithmetic, I have to provide the interpretation of the program and reify the representation as arithmetic.
In other words, the program is a representation of arithmetic to me, not to the calculator. The calculator might as well be programmed to randomly beep, and it wouldn't have any way to know the difference.
(But that'd be a cruel thing to do to the poor calculator).