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Thor – A Project to Hammer Out a Royalty Free Video Codec

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Re: Thor – A Project to Hammer Out a Royalty Free Video Codec

#61
post #49

The MP4 patent situation needs another close look. MP4, which was first standardized in 1998, ought to come out of patent soon, if it hasn't already. There are a few remaining patents in the MPEG-LA package, but they're mostly for stuff you don't need on the Internet, such as interlaced video, font loading, error tolerance for broadcast, and VRML. This hasn't been looked at hard since 2011[1] and it's time for a new…

If by MP4 you are referring to H.264, there are still many years remaining on most of the patents. MPEG-LA publishes patent lists, if you're interested to look. You are right in that there are many other encumbered technologies that have patents expiring soon. MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 video, MP3 and AC3 audio, and several container formats are included. Notably, this is almost all of the technologies required to make a DVD.

Yes, MPEG-LA publishes lists, and they need to be looked at closely. Most of the patents have expired. When you go down the list, you see things such as US #6,181,712, which has to do with multiplexing two unrelated video streams into one. Broadcasters and cable systems do this, but Internet video does not. US #6,160,849 only applies to compression of interlaced video, which nobody uses on line. US #7,627,041 is about dealing with missing header data due to transmission noise. US #5,878,080 is about backwards-compatible multichannel (>2 channels) audio, also seldom used on-line. US #6,185,539 is for video with overcompressed extra-low-quality audio. So is US #6,009,399.

MPEG-LA has been padding their patent portfolio by dumping in all these patents on little-used features. Until this year, they still had some good patents, such as the ones on motion estimation, which is a hard problem and is needed to make compression work. But those have now expired. What's left looks like it can be avoided as unnecessary for Internet use.

Re: Thor – A Project to Hammer Out a Royalty Free Video Codec

#62
There should be efforts outside of large corporations dedicated to building these standards. Because in general even when large corporations promise free / open-source licensing they really only mean non-commercial licensing or "open with caveats". So they pretty much own the commercial rights.

I want open-source to subsidize a small team of engineers to create a completely open standard where no single entity owns it and everyone is free to branch / fork it.

Re: Thor – A Project to Hammer Out a Royalty Free Video Codec

#63

Earlier quoted context omitted.

To be clear, because some forget this part of patent law, the encouragement towards innovation was to encourage people to share and build on a communal set of ideas. The temporary monopoly on ideas was the carrot to get people to register their ideas in a central location (patent office) rather than lock ideas behind closed doors and secrecy. Too many people think the carrot of the temporary monopoly was the point of…

Copyright was built with a similar purpose - enriching the public domain - and has failed in a similar manner. Both patents and copyright are failed experiments. They weren't meant to 'benefit creators' or 'guarantee an income', and they cannot take that role in a healthy society.

Look at the direction of TPP, which mandates stronger copyright but has optional public rights:

https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20150805/15521431864/why-d...

"...the copyright section includes thirteen "shall provide" and just the one measly "shall endeavour." And if you add in the enforcement section you get another thirty eight "shall provide" and just a single "shall endeavour" buried in a footnote unrelated to the key points in the document.

So, for those of you playing along at home, the message being sent by the TPP is pretty damn clear: when it comes to ratcheting up copyright and setting the ground rules for enforcement everything is required and every country must take part. Yet, when it comes to protecting the rights of the public and making sure copyright is more balanced to take into account the public... well, then it's optional."

Re: Thor – A Project to Hammer Out a Royalty Free Video Codec

#64
post #6

i wonder how many orders of magnitude slower this one will be compared to x264. vp8/9 was like 9x slower last time i checked

It is currently quite a bit slower, but the goal is to make a codec fast enough for real time communication use. VP9 is still about 9x slower than x264, but yields the same quality at half the bitrate. You can set VP9 to run a lot faster, but you'll lose some of the bitrate advantages. Still, VP9 is practical for a lot of applications, such as Youtube.

VP9 producing the same quality as x264 at half the bitrate is hard to believe. Do you have a citation? Which `--preset` for x264 are you basing this on?

Re: Thor – A Project to Hammer Out a Royalty Free Video Codec

#65

Earlier quoted context omitted.

It is currently quite a bit slower, but the goal is to make a codec fast enough for real time communication use. VP9 is still about 9x slower than x264, but yields the same quality at half the bitrate. You can set VP9 to run a lot faster, but you'll lose some of the bitrate advantages. Still, VP9 is practical for a lot of applications, such as Youtube.

VP9 being 9x slower than x264 is hard to believe. Do you have a citation?

I can anecdotally agree with him. I ran a service that did a lot of media encoding and VP9 is very, very slow to encode.

Re: Thor – A Project to Hammer Out a Royalty Free Video Codec

#66

Earlier quoted context omitted.

It is currently quite a bit slower, but the goal is to make a codec fast enough for real time communication use. VP9 is still about 9x slower than x264, but yields the same quality at half the bitrate. You can set VP9 to run a lot faster, but you'll lose some of the bitrate advantages. Still, VP9 is practical for a lot of applications, such as Youtube.

VP9 being 9x slower than x264 is hard to believe. Do you have a citation?

"VP9 encoding (using libvpx) is horrendously slow – like, 50x slower than VP8/x264 encoding. This means that encoding a 3-minute 1080p clip takes several days on a high-end machine. ... libvpx multithreading [encoding] performance is deplorable. It gains virtually nothing."[1]

1. https://blogs.gnome.org/rbultje/2014/02/22/the-worlds-fastes... n.b. x264 comparisons were taken with `--preset veryslow` which understates x264's potential performance by an order of magnitude. From the same link: "it can be fast, and it can beat x264, but it can’t do both at the same time."

Re: Thor – A Project to Hammer Out a Royalty Free Video Codec

#67

Earlier quoted context omitted.

That's because it's prohibitively expensive and negates the possibility of its inclusion in free products. At least, according to the blog post.

Older codec were not prohibitively expensive otherwise the proliferation of video products using patented codecs would not exist. His complaint against H.265 will likely be fixed, and then it too will catch on, just as H.264 did, despite these same types of complaints against it.

> Older codec were not prohibitively expensive otherwise the proliferation of video products using patented codecs would not exist.

Because audio and movie pirates don't care what codecs they use, and VLC has supported pretty much everything you throw at it, patents be damned.

What do you think most early iPod adopters filled the disks with? Surely no legally bought music, lol.

Re: Thor – A Project to Hammer Out a Royalty Free Video Codec

#68
post #3

Didn't we already go through this with VP8/VP9/WebM?

VP9 is a good choice if you want a royalty free video codec right now. NETVC is shooting for the next generation. In addition, the goal is to get the video codec standardized at the IETF. NETVC participation is open to anyone though, so it is possible more players will show up.

Okay they maybe the link text should say "Thor – A Project to Hammer Out the Next Royalty Free Video Codec".

I'd be happy to see VP9 actually get deployed on any significant scale before putting another new codec into the mix.

Re: Thor – A Project to Hammer Out a Royalty Free Video Codec

#69
post #4

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Well put. It's crazy that they're pumping that much money paying lawyers in order to avoid using work that someone else has already done. They're forced to waste money and engineering talent in order to re-invent a technology due to our fucked up IP legal landscape.

Not just re-invent, since if you happen to invent something by yourself the same way as it happens to have been patented then you're still in trouble.

Or (I'm assuming, IANAL) you could pursue a court battle, and attempt to prove that your independent invention means it's too obvious to be patentable.

Re: Thor – A Project to Hammer Out a Royalty Free Video Codec

#70

Earlier quoted context omitted.

VP9 being 9x slower than x264 is hard to believe. Do you have a citation?

I can anecdotally agree with him. I ran a service that did a lot of media encoding and VP9 is very, very slow to encode.

Could that be due to lack of hardware support?
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