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Why are Pakistan’s floods so extreme this year?

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Re: Why are Pakistan’s floods so extreme this year?

#41
post #20
post #5

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Do you have any sources that discuss this?

The undersea eruption also ejected 146 million tons of South Pacific Ocean water into the stratosphere.[56] The amount of water vapor ejected was 10 percent of the atmosphere's typical stock.[57] It was enough to temporarily warm the surface of Earth. This water vapour was estimated to remain for 5–10 years.[55] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Hunga_Tonga%E2%80%93Hunga...

Thanks for sharing this. That certainly is a lot of water.

Re: Why are Pakistan’s floods so extreme this year?

#42
post #5
post #4

no mention of the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai eruption? It sounds like that eruption at least changed atmospheric composition by throwing tons of water into it.

Do you have any sources that discuss this?

Here's a practical examination of what effect the 10% increase in stratospheric water vapor caused by the eruption has on global weather: https://www.severe-weather.eu/global-weather/cold-anomaly-st...

Re: Why are Pakistan’s floods so extreme this year?

#43
post #20
post #5

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Do you have any sources that discuss this?

The undersea eruption also ejected 146 million tons of South Pacific Ocean water into the stratosphere.[56] The amount of water vapor ejected was 10 percent of the atmosphere's typical stock.[57] It was enough to temporarily warm the surface of Earth. This water vapour was estimated to remain for 5–10 years.[55] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Hunga_Tonga%E2%80%93Hunga...

No post body was provided.

Re: Why are Pakistan’s floods so extreme this year?

#44
post #4

no mention of the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai eruption? It sounds like that eruption at least changed atmospheric composition by throwing tons of water into it.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00376-022-2034-1 Unlikely. At least a single volcanic eruption is not enough to change the long-term climate trend, you need a clusters of eruptions to persist through centuries for that. HTHH will likely decrease the global mean surface temperatures by 0.004°C in the first year. Compared to that human activity is a thousand times more significant, everything else is statist…

> At least a single volcanic eruption is not enough to change the long-term climate trend, you need a clusters of eruptions to persist through centuries for that.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1883_eruption_of_Krakatoa

“ The eruption caused a volcanic winter.[17] In the year following the eruption, average Northern Hemisphere summer temperatures fell by 0.4 °C (0.72 °F).[18] The record rainfall that hit Southern California during the water year from July 1883 to June 1884 – Los Angeles received 970 millimetres (38.18 in) and San Diego 660 millimetres (25.97 in)[19] – has been attributed to the Krakatoa eruption.[20] There was no El Niño during that period as is normal when heavy rain occurs in Southern California,[21] but many scientists doubt that there was a causal relationship.[22]

The eruption injected an unusually large amount of sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas high into the stratosphere, which was subsequently transported by high-level winds all over the planet. This led to a global increase in sulfuric acid (H2SO4) concentration in high-level cirrus clouds. The resulting increase in cloud reflectivity (or albedo) reflected more incoming light from the sun than usual, and cooled the entire planet until the sulfur fell to the ground as acid precipitation.[23] “.

Yes, I’m aware of “but many scientists doubt that there was a causal relationship” regarding the rain but the climate has been affected by a single eruption.

Re: Why are Pakistan’s floods so extreme this year?

#45
post #20

Earlier quoted context omitted.

The undersea eruption also ejected 146 million tons of South Pacific Ocean water into the stratosphere.[56] The amount of water vapor ejected was 10 percent of the atmosphere's typical stock.[57] It was enough to temporarily warm the surface of Earth. This water vapour was estimated to remain for 5–10 years.[55] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Hunga_Tonga%E2%80%93Hunga...

Quoted post unavailable.

You could always click on the source that Wikipedia has literally next to the sentence.

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-01544-y/

Re: Why are Pakistan’s floods so extreme this year?

#46
post #20

Earlier quoted context omitted.

The undersea eruption also ejected 146 million tons of South Pacific Ocean water into the stratosphere.[56] The amount of water vapor ejected was 10 percent of the atmosphere's typical stock.[57] It was enough to temporarily warm the surface of Earth. This water vapour was estimated to remain for 5–10 years.[55] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Hunga_Tonga%E2%80%93Hunga...

Quoted post unavailable.

The sources are in footnotes. The quote even contains footnote references.

Re: Why are Pakistan’s floods so extreme this year?

#48

Earlier quoted context omitted.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00376-022-2034-1 Unlikely. At least a single volcanic eruption is not enough to change the long-term climate trend, you need a clusters of eruptions to persist through centuries for that. HTHH will likely decrease the global mean surface temperatures by 0.004°C in the first year. Compared to that human activity is a thousand times more significant, everything else is statist…

> At least a single volcanic eruption is not enough to change the long-term climate trend, you need a clusters of eruptions to persist through centuries for that. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1883_eruption_of_Krakatoa “ The eruption caused a volcanic winter.[17] In the year following the eruption, average Northern Hemisphere summer temperatures fell by 0.4 °C (0.72 °F).[18] The record rainfall that hit Southern Ca…

[deleted]

Re: Why are Pakistan’s floods so extreme this year?

#49

I think it's worth pointing out that the impacts of climate change are often presented as singular effects: rising sea level, warmer summers, increased drought, etc. But as we can see here there is also a very strong interaction effect between all of these (and it tends to magnify the issues rather than having them cancel out). This is also why many major climate reports tend to inherently be on the conservative side…

Quoted post unavailable.

I believe this is one of the largest challenges when trying to make effective changes in the system to address climate change: those whose actions can create the largest changes are not the ones who have to bear the burden first or directly. I really don't know how to appeal to a crowd denying all the evidence, so devoid in empathy for people across the world, while, as an immigrant, I can see my neighboring countries literally drowning.

Re: Why are Pakistan’s floods so extreme this year?

#50
Climate change is real and has changed the temporal distribution of rainfall, often increasing the interval between rainfalls, while also increasing the amount that falls, during rainy periods.

Longer durations of 'no rain' cause the ground harden to a much less porous, concrete-like surface that cannot absorb the rain, when it does come, fast enough. So the water pools and flows, causing flood conditions.

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