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AI isn’t good enough

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Re: AI isn’t good enough

#311
post #142
post #137

Earlier quoted context omitted.

The current crop of LLMs is like Paleozoic megafauna, or like Egyptian Pyramids. It takes a few relatively simple approaches and stretches them wildly, using colossal computing resources. Live systems in nature seem to solve similar problems with way less compute available. There should be better architectures. Also, as somebody said, every exponential growth curve is a lower part of a sigmoid. LLMs will plateau at s…

I'm not convinced we're going to get much further than this, at least without a see change in how this stuff is done. We saw a pretty big amount of diminishing returns with GPT-4, which cost 2 orders of magnitude more money to train than 3.5. Is the performance more than 2 orders of magnitude better than 3.5? How much compute is too much to be spending on this bullshit. 30% of humanity's total computing resources? 70…

The performance doesn't have to scale with the training cost. It's ok if we have diminishing returns. The only question is if we can keep getting improvements. If we could get a 10x improvement over GPT-4 (while maintaining safety/alignment), the potential benefits to productivity across the entire world economy are so great that it justifies nearly unlimited investment.

Re: AI isn’t good enough

#312

Earlier quoted context omitted.

The LM industry valuation would be way smaller if they were not laundering behavior that would be illegal if a human did it. If "AI" were required to practice clean-room design ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_room_design ) to avoid infringing copyright, we would laugh at the ineptitude. If people believed the FTC-CFPB-DOJ-EEOC joint statement was going to lead to successful prosecutions, the industry valuation…

Humans aren't required to use clean room design. Using copyrighted materials as inspiration/reference is not uncommon or illegal.

If you spend weeks drilling flash cards on copyrighted code, then produced pages of near-verbatim copies with copyright stripped, any court would find you to have violated the copyright. A lot of people right now are banking on "it's not illegal when AI does it", and part of that strategy is to make "AI" out to be something more than it is. That strategy has many parallels to cryptocurrency hyping.

Re: AI isn’t good enough

#313

Earlier quoted context omitted.

How can research predict this wave is coming to an end, when research also didn't think this wave would happen either. It seems like there are always people saying 'it can't be done'. Then it happens. If there was a way to predict the future, then wouldn't that research need to know how something would be implemented, in order to know it can't be?

"Research" is not some monolithic single concept. One might also ask, "How can research produce ChatGPT when for decades research failed to produce ChatGPT?"

Exactly. So why now are we trusting 'Research' that is trying to predict the future of other 'Research'. The linked article is just some estimates on the error built into the current LLM model.

How can we extrapolate that to be "well, gosh darn, these LLM's are already played out, guess we're all done"

Re: AI isn’t good enough

#314
post #18

This entire piece is based on one massive, unsupported assertion, which is that LLM progress will cease. Or, as the author puts it, "we are at the tail end of the first wave of large language model-based AI... [it] ends somewhere in the next year or two with the kinds of limits people are running up against." I want to know only one thing, which is what gives him the confidence necessary to say that. If that one stat…

I work in this space and think that it's far more rational to accept the axiom that LLM progress will not be significant than to bank product work on assuming it will increase drastically . I do think we still have yet to squeeze the most value out of current LLMs, but most people's radical AI dreams are completely out-of-touch with reality for anyone working closely on these problems. My biggest fear in this space i…

I think people assume that the current LLM release cycle is similar to other software releases which is to say, MVP followed by full product. ChatGPT is an actual product though, it's not the beta version of the technology. I think the dramatic increases in the product have likely mostly happened before launch but that you're right and we will see minor improvements.

Re: AI isn’t good enough

#315
post #117
post #18

This entire piece is based on one massive, unsupported assertion, which is that LLM progress will cease. Or, as the author puts it, "we are at the tail end of the first wave of large language model-based AI... [it] ends somewhere in the next year or two with the kinds of limits people are running up against." I want to know only one thing, which is what gives him the confidence necessary to say that. If that one stat…

There has actually been research that found that there are strong diminishing returns in terms of at least expanding parameter sizes. While I think there are still breakthroughs to be made in terms of window sizes and workarounds like Mixture of Experts, I'm not sure how much farther we will get here in the long term in terms of raw performance of the LLM itself. FWIW, Sam Altman agrees and has a surprisingly similar…

The open source community has breakthrough after breakthrough lately. its absolutely stunning how fast it's advancing.

I can run art models and llms on cpu/gpu now. I've tested out opensource models with quality better than chatgpt3.5turbo, and I can even fine tune them on my notes and books for better results. It's all so easy with so many one click installers now too!

My husbands D&D group uses some AI for their games now (koboldcpp?).

It's staggering how fast it's moving.

Re: AI isn’t good enough

#316

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Humans have repeatedly built things that are beyond their own physical and intellectual capabilities. A calculator can do math problems much more quickly than any human being.

We've yet to build a single machine that is intellectually capable beyond our own understanding.

>>> We're holding AIs to a much higher standard than ourselves. And we move the goal posts all the time as well. / Let's deconstruct that title. "AI isn't good enough". Good enough for what? Great example of moving the goal posts. Because anytime it fails to do whatever, it's not good enough. But what about all the stuff it is good enough for that people are actually using it for already? It's passing tests at a level most humans only manage very briefly after lots of intensive preparation. The knowledge slips away quickly after that. / The way I see it, there's a long, rapidly growing list of stuff that AIs have nailed already and a list of things where it is clearly struggling. That list is shrinking.

>> Humans have repeatedly built things that are beyond their own physical and intellectual capabilities. A calculator can do math problems much more quickly than any human being.

> We've yet to build a single machine that is intellectually capable beyond our own understanding.

Can you unpack this, please? I'll give some examples for you to respond to:

A. Any of our market-making mechanisms (NASDAQ, predictive markets, etc) synthesize information in ways that is faster and broader than any one human could understand. Humans understand the mechanism at work, but cannot really grasp all the information in motion.

B. Weather prediction. While humans understand the mechanics of satellite imagery and simulation, the combined effect of predicting the weather is superhuman.

C. How are large language models (LLMs) as capable as the are? In many cases, we don't seem to know. This isn't really new; last I studied it, the field's conceptual understanding of neural network capacity and architecture has a long way to go. In any case, LLM performance is often superhuman.

Are you saying that enough people, suitably arranged, could do the above tasks? Perhaps they could, but I doubt they could do the tasks reliably and efficiently. We aren't that kind of machine. :)

If you are saying that the fundamentals of intelligence are determined by the structure rather than the substrate, I agree, but I don't think this is salient.

You refer to a machine that is "intellectually capable beyond our own understanding." Above, I've asked you to define what you mean. But perhaps more importantly, why is your threshold important? We already know that machines of many kinds, including sub-human level, are useful. They don't have to exceed our understanding to be useful or dangerous.

My point is this: we've already built machines we can't practically comprehend. We seem to only be able to audit them by brute force. Alignment seems computationally beyond reach.

Your thoughts?

Re: AI isn’t good enough

#317

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Humans have repeatedly built things that are beyond their own physical and intellectual capabilities. A calculator can do math problems much more quickly than any human being.

A calculator can do arithmetic faster than a human being. How well would a calculator do at proving Fermat’s Last Theorem?

Not well! But that's in no way relevant to the point, which is that we are demonstrably capable of creating machines that can perform tasks of intelligence that we cannot.

Re: AI isn’t good enough

#318

Earlier quoted context omitted.

What really resonated with me is the following observation from a fellow HNer (I forgot who): In many cases, we humans have structured our language such that it encapsulates reality very closely. For these cases, when an LLM learns the language it will by construction appear to have a model of the world. Because we humans already spent thousands of years and billions of actually intelligent minds building the languag…

Perfectly reasonable, isn't it? But in a sense when YOU learned language YOU also learned a world model. For instance when your teacher explains to you the difference between the tenses (had, have, will have) you realize that time is a thing that you need to think about. Even if you already had some sense of this, you now have it made explicit. Why should we say the LLM hasn't learned a world model when it's done wha…

The reason why the LLM apparent world model should not be considered to be the same as a human's world model is because of the modality of learning. The world model we learn as we learn a language includes the world model embedded in language. But the human world model includes models embedded in flailing about limbs, the permanence of an object, sounds and smells associated with walking through the world. Now, all those senses and interactions obviously aren't required for a robust world model. But I would be willing to make a large wager that training on more than "valid sequences of words" definitely is required. That's why hallucinations, confident wrongness, and bizarre misunderstandings are endemic to the failings of LLMs. Don't get me wrong. LLMs are a technological breakthrough in AI for language processing. They are extremely useful in themselves. However, they are not and will not become AGI through larger models. Lessons learned from LLMs will transfer to other modes of interaction. I believe multi-modal learning and transfer learning are the most interesting fields in AI right now.

Re: AI isn’t good enough

#319
post #137

Earlier quoted context omitted.

The current crop of LLMs is like Paleozoic megafauna, or like Egyptian Pyramids. It takes a few relatively simple approaches and stretches them wildly, using colossal computing resources. Live systems in nature seem to solve similar problems with way less compute available. There should be better architectures. Also, as somebody said, every exponential growth curve is a lower part of a sigmoid. LLMs will plateau at s…

>Live systems in nature seem to solve similar problems with way less compute available Do they really? They're certainly more energy-efficient in business-as-usual mode, but a human brain has 86 billion neurons, 600+ trillion synapses(!), and each instance takes 15-20+ years to train to do complex logical tasks. Even if the per-cell work is tiny (and, is it? cells are amazingly complex), 86 billion (or 600+ trillion)…

Indeed, the human brain has much more logical parts. They all run at sub-MHz speeds though, and don't seem to be using matrix multiplication (which is still worse than quadratic with the best algorithms we have).

Also, human brains do a lot more than language processing.

LLMs are definitely touching something very important about intelligence, much like counting sticks touches something very important about numbers. But the real power of numbers is unleashed with the invention of digits and positional notation, a different representation that makes things literally exponentially easier.

I hope there is a transition step from what we do now using billion-parameter models, to some better representations, more compact and thus more powerful.

Also I hope that ready-made logic and efficient numerical computation can be connected to the learning systems more directly, not taught painstakingly from first principles, much like vision is relatively directly wired into the human brain.

Re: AI isn’t good enough

#320
post #213

Earlier quoted context omitted.

At that point, the toddler's still run years of self-reinforced learning (as well as learning supported by parents, and observing other humans solving the problem) on controlling their muscles... and again, think of the computational power expended over that time (by a computational approach that's been highly-optimised over millions of years of trial-and-error recursive descent style). Our intellect and capabilities…

Human is not the most efficient learner for walking. See other animals, e.g. deer or elephant, that walk straight after being born. Relevant since the discussion is not about human learning but animal learning in nature.

It's not just learning abilities.

Human babies are born at a stage that would be considered premature for most mammals. Because of the limitations on the size of the head, they can't afford to develop enough in utero, like deer or even dolphins can.

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