France Germany both have something like a 50% drop out rate, much like the US according to my recent searches. The UK has ~7% but has been rising over the past 3 years.
As far as I can tell you still pay in the UK but tuition is fully covered in both Germany and France, expect France has already started the thing I said they would with a second more elite school. And you better bet a grad from a free university vs the elite university competing for the same job the guy who paid is going to probably win more often than not.
For what it's worth free and or guaranteed loan is the same, and I would expect the same outcomes in the long run. At least with the loan part we might wise up and stop demanding every kid goes and gets a higher education.
Note, I am not coming from somebody who was able to pay, or took loans out to go to school. I did the math, and I simply could not afford to go to any university, not even the cheap ones that were local. I tried, and saw the deb increasing while working for $8 a hr.
What did I do? I quit, and focused on my job, and spent every free second learning a skill that I could make money with. That just so happens to be computers/programming/and data centers. For a while there my friends and peers that went to school looked like they were going to pass me up, but by the the time they got out of school loaded with deb I had already double the income they would be able to start out with. Today I know very few people who went to school who make more than me, and those that do still have massive amounts of debt. Now I maybe lucky, but I know to many people like me, and meet to many people who have taken the same path as I did to put it all on the notion that I was just lucky.