I imagine you would need to communicate the battery topology (voltages, currents) to the power management IC (PMIC). Probably via a devicetree, or possibly a devicetree overlay?
Devicetrees are used to list hardware peripherals, and instruct the kernel load the appropriate drivers with the appropriate parameters (I²C addresses, etc), so it would be the reasonable place to put that info, though it's probably configurable at run-time instead. There might also be some defaults, but I'd expect it to be "power PMIC off" if that chip is only used for the battery circuit (which I doubt).
Edit: According to the scematic on the wiki page[1], it's a feature of the main PMIC, RK817-15. I's also indicated "1Cell Li-ion"
Interesting features for that chip[2]:
Input range: 3.8V –5.5V for USB input
2.7V -5.5V for BAT input
Switch mode Li-ion battery charger providing charging current up to 3.5A.
Power path controller with 4A current path with optional extended external mos.
Accurate battery fuel gauge with two separate battery voltage and current ADC
Real time clock (RTC)
Low standby current of 16uA (at 32.768KHz clock frequency)
Devicetree support has already been submitted, probably merged a while back[3].
[1] https://wiki.pine64.org/wiki/Quartz64
[2] https://rockchip.fr/RK817%20datasheet%20V1.01.pdf
[3] https://patchwork.kernel.org/project/linux-arm-kernel/patch/...