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Monumental (if correct) advance in number theory posted to ArXiv by Yitang Zhang

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Re: Monumental (if correct) advance in number theory posted to ArXiv by Yitang Zhang

#211
I just read an article from Yitang Zhang's little sister (in Chinese). It touched my soul. A must-read (translated from Chinese using Google translation): https://zhishifenzi-com.translate.goog/depth/character/480.h...

Part of the translation is not so perfect and you have to use your best guess sometimes. The Chinese version is a masterpiece.

In addition, here is an article from Yitang Zhang's PhD advisor. Not so nice: https://www.math.purdue.edu/~ttm/ZhangYt.pdf

Re: Monumental (if correct) advance in number theory posted to ArXiv by Yitang Zhang

#212
post #169

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> but it now requires so much knowledge just to get to the frontiers of human knowledge, not to speak of making a dent into uncharted territory, that results are being obtained later and later in life. When mathematicians have had time to accrue sufficient knowledge while still being sharp enough to make the intellectual leap. The sad part is that as the trend continues we may reach a point where a mathematician's in…

Agreed, it feels like the days of maverick engineers leading huge efforts is mostly over. Will there be any more Kelley Johnsons, or Gene Kranzs in our lifetimes?

Tools can be used for this purpose. New tools can unlock new abilities for engineers. I’m not sure if it applies to math but I don’t have any reason why it shouldn’t.

Re: Monumental (if correct) advance in number theory posted to ArXiv by Yitang Zhang

#213
post #169

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> but it now requires so much knowledge just to get to the frontiers of human knowledge, not to speak of making a dent into uncharted territory, that results are being obtained later and later in life. When mathematicians have had time to accrue sufficient knowledge while still being sharp enough to make the intellectual leap. The sad part is that as the trend continues we may reach a point where a mathematician's in…

Agreed, it feels like the days of maverick engineers leading huge efforts is mostly over. Will there be any more Kelley Johnsons, or Gene Kranzs in our lifetimes?

Engineering is different from math. A large part of the reason why engineering innovation is lacking in a particular field is due to entrenched players, heavy bureaucracy, and government regulation, for instance with spaceflight and EVs.

Re: Monumental (if correct) advance in number theory posted to ArXiv by Yitang Zhang

#214

Is this something a proof assistant could be used to help validate?

In theory, yes, but in practice proof assistants are only just starting to become practically useful for research-level mathematics. Validation/verification would likely require an enormous amount of proof engineering to build up the theorems required to verify a proof of this complexity. See the Liquid Tensor Experiment postmortem [1] for the results of a similar undertaking.

[1]: https://leanprover-community.github.io/blog/posts/lte-final/

Re: Monumental (if correct) advance in number theory posted to ArXiv by Yitang Zhang

#215
post #161
post #143

Earlier quoted context omitted.

While not common, I know of other Chinese diaspora in North America with similar stories. Many graduates from post Cultural Revolution China left the country in 90's and found the language barrier (and accompanying discrimination) too high to overcome. The man delivering your fried rice might have a PhD.

An unfortunate parallel: the best physics professor (unfortunately, just an adjunct) I ever had was a Russian immigrant. He quit teaching to go run a blini restaurant because it paid way more :(

Why is this :( though? The market is working and filling a market opportunity. Maybe he likes running his own business? Unless he was being discriminated against for being a Russian immigrant and treated unfairly?

Re: Monumental (if correct) advance in number theory posted to ArXiv by Yitang Zhang

#216
post #78

Math used to be a young person game, but it now requires so much knowledge just to get to the frontiers of human knowledge, not to speak of making a dent into uncharted territory, that results are being obtained later and later in life. When mathematicians have had time to accrue sufficient knowledge while still being sharp enough to make the intellectual leap. The sad part is that as the trend continues we may reach…

Similar situation with energy generation. Low hanging fruit is pretty much gone. Current output relies heavily on advancing up a tech ladder. If we somehow have to start over it might not be possible to make it back.

Re: Monumental (if correct) advance in number theory posted to ArXiv by Yitang Zhang

#217
post #142
post #123

I first found out his story from new yorker https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/02/02/pursuit-beauty when the issue came out. I almost busted in tears. I just wish he continue to enjoy mathematics, no matter if this paper is flawed or not.

It's a fantastic piece. New Yorker has some really in depth writing.

you got to read his sister's article: https://zhishifenzi-com.translate.goog/depth/character/480.h...

Re: Monumental (if correct) advance in number theory posted to ArXiv by Yitang Zhang

#218
post #78

Math used to be a young person game, but it now requires so much knowledge just to get to the frontiers of human knowledge, not to speak of making a dent into uncharted territory, that results are being obtained later and later in life. When mathematicians have had time to accrue sufficient knowledge while still being sharp enough to make the intellectual leap. The sad part is that as the trend continues we may reach…

I haven't spent much time thinking about this but were Einstein's contributions a combination of intellect and "shallow" or relatively quick frontiers. I.e. a very intelligent intellectual working on the problem sets that are approachable without the same level of overhead required these days? I.e. Today's world wouldn't support an individual who could have such an impact on most math/scientific disciplines?

In a mathematical sense, special relativity is not particularly difficult. Undergraduate physics students often learn it by year two as it doesn't require much more than calculus and linear algebra. That's not at all to downplay Einstein's genius. If it weren't him, I'm sure others would've gotten there eventually, but he was the first there, and his insights were primarily physical (assuming both the constancy of the speed of light in all reference frames and that the laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames of reference).

General relativity was much more difficult. It took Einstein about a decade to develop it and he had to learn differential geometry in order to do so. This work was undoubtedly more profound and required much more advanced mathematics merged with deep insights such as the equivalence principle [0]. This was what made Einstein so successful: the combination of mathematics with physical insights that no one else had put together at the time.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_principle

Re: Monumental (if correct) advance in number theory posted to ArXiv by Yitang Zhang

#219

Two additional notes: 1. Zhang posted an attempt at solving this problem in 2007 that he later more or less admitted was flawed: https://mathoverflow.net/questions/131221/yitang-zhangs-2007... . But speaking with mathematicians who are intimately familiar with Zhang's previous work, there seems to be good reason to be optimistic nevertheless. First, the idea behind Zhang's proof is similar to the zero-repulsion ideas…

Think Knuth and a few others are good exceptions to the rule.

Re: Monumental (if correct) advance in number theory posted to ArXiv by Yitang Zhang

#220
post #78

Math used to be a young person game, but it now requires so much knowledge just to get to the frontiers of human knowledge, not to speak of making a dent into uncharted territory, that results are being obtained later and later in life. When mathematicians have had time to accrue sufficient knowledge while still being sharp enough to make the intellectual leap. The sad part is that as the trend continues we may reach…

Not nit picking, just informing, population currently stated to peak around 2080-2100 at around 10.2-11.4b, depending on the estimate!
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