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Modern city dwellers have lost about half their gut microbes

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Re: Modern city dwellers have lost about half their gut microbes

#211

Can someone comment on the effect of chlorinated town water on gut microbes? Would treated water have an affect as opposed to consuming rain or bore water?

> effect of chlorinated town water on gut microbes Unless you are drinking a tap water (pretty extreme thing to do!), the effect is probably non-existing: https://cooking.stackexchange.com/q/67027

> Unless you are drinking a tap water (pretty extreme thing to do!)

Around your parts you do not drink tap water?

Re: Modern city dwellers have lost about half their gut microbes

#212

I think the consensus is nobody really knows and nutritional science is largely trendy pseudoscience…

I've always been shocked at how crappy the research into nutrition is and how there's very little consensus beyond "vegetables are good" and how shoddy a lot of the professional training is for dieticians. Nearly everybody eats nearly every day, how have we not figured this out?

I think there's a pretty simple explanation for this. How many calories should you consume per day?

It's a trick question because it has no answer. It's going to vary dramatically depending upon environmental, physical/physiological, and genetic characteristics. And that is probably the most simple question to answer, because when you get into the specifics of nutritional content, the same is true except it's orders of magnitudes more complex with far less understood.

And many things come down to pretty precise measurement because it's all systems in equilibrium. 100 calories to your diet would ostensibly have a negligible impact because it's not much relative to your entire intake, but if you were just at the equilibrium where your consume - burn = 0, then that 100 calories is suddenly going to start seeing you gain weight dramatically faster than before.

Re: Modern city dwellers have lost about half their gut microbes

#214
post #45

Pretty much every culture around the world 100 years ago had some staple fermented food. Nowadays, a lot of people in western culture at least outright refuse yogurt or other fermented foods like saurkraut or pickled cabbage that used to be staples in these people's ancestor's diets a few generations ago. People are becoming even lactose intolerant. You have to fertilize your microbes so to speak and eat these sorts…

Lactase persistence is regulated by genetic mutations, not gut microbes. The negative symptoms of lactose intolerance is exactly due to lactose being able to reach the gut and making the microbes there flourish by digesting lactose, creating large quantities of gas and other metabolic byproducts that cause flatulence, diarrhea, etc. People don't spontaneously become lactose intolerant just because they stopped eating…

I developed lactose intolerance sometime during the 5 years I lived in Japan. I only noticed after returning to Canada when I resumed my old diet. I can still generally eat yogurt and kefir without symptoms, but I can't drink milk anymore without taking lactase tablets.

Re: Modern city dwellers have lost about half their gut microbes

#215

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Quoted post unavailable.

Are you conflating fluoride and chlorine? Or are you gulping water down your throat at swimming pools? If it's the latter then you really should stop doing that.

I am not the OP, but you may not be aware that many, if not most, cities have chlorine added to the tap water. I have read comments on HN about people leaving jugs of water in the fridge so the chlorine is off-gassed.

Re: Modern city dwellers have lost about half their gut microbes

#216

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Plenty of both iron and vitamin B in plant-based food. You really believe we hunted big game so much? With what? Sticks and stones? How did we catch them with our weak legs? How the hell did we skin them or eat their raw flesh? Cooking wasn't a thing for a long time. And why don't we eat the animal meat raw? Don't you love it when you see the dead, rotting carcas all open and blody? I sure don't. And neither would yo…

> You really believe we hunted big game so much? I mean there’s proof we hunted dinosaurs to extinction, so yah, we hunted down all the big game. Indians hunted bison, most everyone hunted elk and deer, humanity grew up on meat. Edit: Eskimo hunting freakin’ whales, every Nat Geo special on tribal peoples show them hunting for daily meat, arrowheads and napping knives and spears found in ancient caves…

> there’s proof we hunted dinosaurs to extinction

Gosh, really?

Re: Modern city dwellers have lost about half their gut microbes

#217

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> effect of chlorinated town water on gut microbes Unless you are drinking a tap water (pretty extreme thing to do!), the effect is probably non-existing: https://cooking.stackexchange.com/q/67027

> Unless you are drinking a tap water (pretty extreme thing to do!) Around your parts you do not drink tap water?

My understanding is that the amount of chlorine added to the tap water differs between regions. I read it can be a lot in the US.

Here in Germany there is a limit by law of 0.3mg per liter and most districts use between 0.03mg and 0.05mg per liter.

We drink tap water daily. There is no noticeable chlorine smell but I heard from friends their cat seems to not like it and drinks rainwater only.

Re: Modern city dwellers have lost about half their gut microbes

#218
post #207
post #188

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> Whats scary is that we have more and more civilization diseases and we have no idea whats causing them beside guesses. We do have some good mechanistic hypotheses, but most reviews fail to describe them because a lot of research is hand wavy. However, things are slowly reaching mainstream. Let's consider type 1 diabetes (T1D), which is a common autoimmune disorder where beta cells in the pancreas get destroyed by y…

My understanding is that, in healthy humans, gut bacteria are not presented in huge numbers to the immune system because the intestinal barrier (tight junctions) prevent most of them from migrating into the blood stream. Are then not antibodies against gut bacteria a clear sign of a damaged gut barrier? (FWIW there seem to be suspicions that Ankylosing Spondylitis is also caused by a certain type of bacteria being pr…

This is a very good question.

There is a lot of literature that supports the role of gut bacteria inducing Tregs, and now there is also some evidence of epitope transport from the gut into the thymus.

Hence, I think these events might matter even if they are not very frequent.

But you could be right, and perhaps there's not really a relevant mutualistic relationship between host and commensals in terms of epitope crossreactivity.

Re: Modern city dwellers have lost about half their gut microbes

#219
I'm curious how simple sanitary factors come into play. Something I've always found intriguing is that in Ancient Greece toilets would use shared butt brushes (sponge on a stick) in lieu of toilet paper. In an especially fancy place there might be a bucket of vinegar nearby to clean it off, but in general it was just a quick swirl through some water and onto the next bum.

The thing I find interesting there is that the Ancient Greeks had extremely limited medical knowledge alongside practices like this. And they also lived through less than pleasant times, yet they were often also quite long lived as a quick perusal of your Philosophacrates of choice can readily demonstrate. There's certainly a literal survivorship bias there, but the ubiquitousness of longevity is, if nothing else, interesting. Certainly many of these individuals would have still left their mark had they died at 40 or 50 instead.

Re: Modern city dwellers have lost about half their gut microbes

#220
post #20

Does anyone know of probiotics with a variety of bacteria? Currently they (and yoghurts) seem to be just a single type, which doesn't make a lot of sense to me. If there are unusual bacteria out there where do they come from and how can we get them? I've done a bunch of anti-biotics in the last few years so what to get back to what I was.

Just start gardening. There is a lot of good bacteria in the soil.
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