I really dislike the way this slide deck is written. It's rewriting a failure of management (bad project planning, too few people for the workload) and presenting it a failure by all the team members.
"The Hero decides that, despite this, ..."
"No matter what they're told about not doing this."
"The team doesn't realize..."
"Heroism is low risk, and easy to do."
"Help the Hero figure out what they should do instead."
"But the Hero won't let it go."
I suspect the likely scenario that prompted this document to be written was something like a manager facing low morale from his team, and has just been asked to explain why there was a catastrophic failure that he hadn't communicated upwards. Likely, he hadn't been doing his job properly, had no idea how much work his team was actually doing, the team was massively overloaded and worried about the job culls in other departments, worried because their boss kept saying things like "this was due yesterday", and so had been doing everything possible to stop the proverbial hitting the fan... and one day it reached bursting point, and they simply couldn't cope with all the work, despite already being forced to do overtime. Maybe some of them had even quit as a result, and complained to HR about the work-life balance in the team.
But the team leader can't possibly be at fault. This is the management spin on it: it's all the team member's fault, and the poor manager had no idea what was going on, not because he was a terrible manager, but because the team had been deliberately hiding all the work they were doing from him, they didn't want to go home to their wives and kids, but were choosing to spend their evenings working on secret projects to stoke their own egos or deal with their own insecurities, and concealing all the extra work from their managers.