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Yann LeCun's comment on AlphaGo and true AI

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Re: Yann LeCun's comment on AlphaGo and true AI

#151

I don't know if I'd agree that unsupervised learning is the "cake" here, to paraphrase Yann LeCun. How do we know that the human brain is an unsupervised learner? The supervisor in our brains comes in the form of the dopamine feedback loop, and exactly what kinds of things it rewards aren't totally mapped out but pleasure and novelty seem to be high on the list. That counts as a "supervisor" from a machine learning p…

Wouldn't that be a self-supervised learning? Yes, as the brain lears, it gets rewarded or not, but not by any external organism - rather by itself (or a part of itself). The "learning instruction manual" is in there somewhere.

So if you are able to code an AI so that it can run experiments over itself and gradually build this "learning instruction manual" eventually it will become able to do things you never though of in the first place.

Re: Yann LeCun's comment on AlphaGo and true AI

#152
post #19

Earlier quoted context omitted.

You might look at the work of Rodney Brooks. There was a wonderful documentary called "Fast, Cheap, and Out of Control", and I'm pretty sure it was in there that he explains his notion that true intelligence is embodied. That was years ago and I haven't kept up with the field, but perhaps it's a useful starting point for you.

Cool, thanks. I think the idea is also important to Zoltan Torey, who believed that "consciousness" is essentially a simulation of a kind of arm in our mind. ("The Conscious Mind"). But I've never heard of anyone attempting to train an AI within a simulated world. The nice thing about doing that is that aren't limited by physics of robotics. I suspect that for basic intelligence stuff, relatively lo-fidelity simulati…

> But I've never heard of anyone attempting to train an AI within a simulated world.

Ah, then you might want to follow the trail from SHRLDU:

http://hci.stanford.edu/winograd/shrdlu/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHRDLU

Re: Yann LeCun's comment on AlphaGo and true AI

#153
post #31
post #5

I think we need more advances in neuroscience and, I know this will be controversial, psychology before we really know what the cake even is. Edit: I actually think the major AI breakthrough will come from either of those two fields, not computer science.

I disagree. In engineering we've shown great advancements not by exactly reproducing biology from cases like transportation (wheel vs legs) or flight (engine and wing vs flapping feathers). We can't even mass produce synthetic muscles and instead use a geared motor. The growth in building increasingly sophisticated AI is faster than our efforts to reverse engineer biology. I could see that changing with improved obse…

I feel that your analogy does not disprove OP's claim. You would first have to prove that the analogy is actually applicable. Theoretically, one could argue that motion is substantially different from intelligence such that the analogy does not hold.

But I am with you in that engineering / CS / ... should not wait for neuroscience to make further discoveries but continue the journey.

Re: Yann LeCun's comment on AlphaGo and true AI

#154

No one is claiming that alphaGo is close to AGI. At least not anyone that understands the methods it uses. What alphaGo is, is an example of AI progress. There has been a rapid increase in progress in the field of AI. We are still a ways away from AGI, but it's now in sight. Just outside the edge of our vision. Almost surely within our lifetime, at this rate.

> but it's now in sight. Just outside the edge of our vision.

Well if it's outside the edge of our vision, it is out of sight.

Re: Yann LeCun's comment on AlphaGo and true AI

#155
post #136
post #36

Can someone more knowledgeable explain why biological systems are considered unsupervised instead of reinforcement based systems? While it seems intuitive that most individual "intelligent" systems in animals can be seen as unsupervised, isn't life itself driven in a reinforced manner?

There is no enough reinforcement volume to learn anything complex. If child gets external reward for every waking moment until she is 12 years old, it's just 4.2 million signals. Reinforcement learning works for fine motor control and other tasks where the feedback loop is tight and immediate. Reinforcement and conditioning can also modulate high level cognition and behavior, but it's not the secret sauce of learning…

I could not follow your argument. Could you elaborate? (Honest question)

Re: Yann LeCun's comment on AlphaGo and true AI

#156
post #36

Can someone more knowledgeable explain why biological systems are considered unsupervised instead of reinforcement based systems? While it seems intuitive that most individual "intelligent" systems in animals can be seen as unsupervised, isn't life itself driven in a reinforced manner?

I would agree.

Could one not argue that even unsupervised learning is kind of reinforced by let's say the emotion you obtain from successfully performing a learning task? Then the reward signal does not come from the external environment but from resolving cognitive dissonance in the brain.

Happy to be proved wrong by experts here.

Re: Yann LeCun's comment on AlphaGo and true AI

#157
post #123

Earlier quoted context omitted.

So then the discussion is all about defining intelligence, beginning with a fuzzy conception of required qualities. It literally means ability to select, read, choose between. The discussion can be a means to judge the AIs or, for the sake of the argument, to judge and improve intelligence with AI as a heavily simplified model, which is an old hat by now. Do you think that's irrational? Do you expect neuroscience or…

I remember similar arguments in the early 90s when I was doing my PhD. They got about as far then. The same arguments will be happening in another 25 years. And beyond, even when a computer is super-human in every conceivable way, there'll be arguments over whether it is 'real AI'. And nobody will define their terms then either. Ultimately the discussion will be as irrelevant then as it is now, and, then as now, it w…

> About recurrent NNs?

yes, obviously, as that's the topic, but also the the rest I of what I mentioned, neuroscience, maths, leaning on logic and philosophy.

> I remember similar arguments in the early 90s

That's why I mention neuroscience, the ideas are much older.

> even when a computer is super-human in every conceivable way, there'll be arguments over whether it is 'real AI'

Of course. Just because it's superhuman, we humans wouldn't know what it is, whether it is what we think it is and if that's all there could be.

Real (from res (matter (from rehis (good as in the goods))) + ~alis (adjective suffix (from all?))) means worthy and obviously an AI is only as good as its contestants are bad. It won't be real for long before it's thrown to the trash once a better AI is found.

That'll stop when the AI can settle the argument convincingly. That's what's going on, evangelizing. And we do need that, because if not for the sake of the art itself, then as proof for the application of answers and insights other fields.

> And nobody will define their terms then either. Ultimately the discussion will be as irrelevant then as it is now

LeCun sure went along a lot further since then, and he defines the terms in software. As I said, the discussion is just about what to make of it. Of course many come up basically empty, that's why the discussion is important, and that's why I asked what do you know about it. I think it's a very basic question and not easy to grow tired of. If you work that, maybe that's different and specialized to computation.

There might not be much to say about it, all the easier then to summarize in a short post. Or there's indeed more to it, then I'd appreciate a hint, to test my own understanding and learn.

I don't really know, what LeCun talks about, or the techniques you studied, so I'm saying it. Just for perspective. I'm just generally interested in learning and computation is just one relevant and informative angle. Maybe that's what bothers you, learning to learn, and that's why its freshman bothering with it, but learning to learn is maybe really just learning, or impossible. That's the kind of logical puzzle that's to be taken half joking. Don't beat yourself up over it.

Re: Yann LeCun's comment on AlphaGo and true AI

#158
post #18

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I think someone needs to come up with a good theory of what intelligence even is, then we can try to discover its mechanism(s).

Here are three potential definitions: 1) Acting like a human (this is the Turing test approach) 2) Thinking like a human (this is cognitive science, and for now is focused on figuring out how humans think) 3) Thinking rationally, ie, following formal logic (the difficulty here is encoding all the information in the world as formal logic) 4) Acting rationally. That is, entities that react rationally to their goals (th…

Those aren't broad definitions at all! Quick question though, what is "acting", what is "thinking", what is "rational"? Your definition of intelligence practically includes the term in its definition(s).

Re: Yann LeCun's comment on AlphaGo and true AI

#159
(1) Adversarial learning is unsupervised and works great. Most of language modeling is unsupervised (you predict next word, but it's not real supervision because it's self-supervision). There're many works in computer vision which are unsupervised and still give more or less reasonable performance. See f.e. http://arxiv.org/pdf/1511.05045v2.pdf for unsupervised learning in action recognition, also http://arxiv.org/pdf/1511.06434v2.pdf and http://www.arxiv-sanity.com/search?q=unsupervised

(2) ImageNet supervision gives you much information to solve other computer vision tasks. So perhaps we don't need to learn everything in unsupervised manner, we might learn most features relevant for most tasks using several supervision tasks. It is kind of cheating but very reasonable one.

Moreover,

(3) We observe now just fantastic decrease of perplexity (btw, it's all unsupervised = self-supervised). It's quite probable that in the very near future neural chat bots write reasonable stories, answer intelligibly with common sense, discuss things. All of this would be just a mere consequence of low enough perplexity. If neural net says smth inconsistent it means that it gives too much probability to some inappropriate words i.e, it's perplexity isn't optimized yet.

(4) It's quite probable that it would open a finish line for human-level AI. AI would be able to learn from textbooks, scientific articles, video lectures. Btw, http://arxiv.org/pdf/1602.03218.pdf gives a potential to synthesize IBM Watson with deep learning. May be, the finish line to human level AI has been opened already.

Re: Yann LeCun's comment on AlphaGo and true AI

#160
post #73

Earlier quoted context omitted.

The best discussion in terms of hardware adjusted algorithmic process I've seen is by Miles Brundage[1]. The additional hardware was the difference between amateur and pro level skills. It's also important to note that the non-distributed AlphaGo still had quite considerable compute power. Now was a sweet spot in time. This algorithm ten years ago would likely have been pathetic and in ten years time will likely supe…

That can't be right. Amateurs do not beat pro players 25% of the time, yet single machine AlphaGo beats distributed AlphaGo 25% of the time.

Then it would seem that AlphaGo on a single machine isn't equivalent to an Amateur. Presumably it's really good even when running in a single machine, and the marginal improvement for each additional machine tails off quite quickly.

But when you're pitching it at a top class opponent in a match getting global coverage, you want all the incremental improvement you can get.

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