Agreed, and I'm not even certain governments within capitalist systems can handle these challenges. At issue is the presence of scales that our species have not worked with before, both time and populations. We don't even have a good framework to judge relative difficulty between current and past technological eras, except perhaps coarse-grained energy per capita per annum metrics.
The time scale is a real killer IMHO. Many of the challenges involve timescales that are very vulnerable to abandonment by political processes, as progress is achingly slow for our current perceptions. We might be able to grow in bioreactors Memphis Meats-style protein, especially with CRISPR-powered advancements, but even that is a solid 4+ decades away before we see Neal Stephenson-envisioned sashimi for the masses. I don't see any kind of speculative investment trying to solve basic, low-margin deployments like that, on that kind of timescale.
And even then, I don't really see sustainability built into the design and research from the beginning; it is like we rarely see security built into general business software from the beginning. So for the protein availability challenge, I don't see an emphasis on creating the entire "stack" in a sustainable manner, starting from solar energy, building through to the feedstocks into the processes being researched. This perniciously binds us to legacy energy and materials production supply chains for those feedstocks, and creating more externalities into undesirable positive feedback loops.