The distinction is usually referred to as saltwater vs freshwater economists (referring to the geographical location of the university's). Apart from MIT there is also Princeton and Stanford in the saltwater camp. And Krugman is right that the saltwater economists were vindicated by the recovery from the GFC. However Krugman is not a good spokesperson for saltwater economists. Most econ professors I know from saltwat…
How is trade not a big part of macroeconomics? That's a dumb thing to says. On your debt crisis points, it makes all the difference if the debt is denominated in the country's own currency or not.
This is a very very narrow field, which is dwarfed by the reach of macro economics.
In short, his credibility about macro, especially in regards to the effects of debts and deficits, is questionable.