I want my desktop operating system to offer fairly fine-grained control of permissions I selectively grant to processes/applications. I would like the ability to easily revoke Chrome's ability to use my audio inputs, and then—if the use case comes up, such as a WebRTC conference—I can grant permission either on a one-time basis or until I revoke. This would be the operating system controlling the application's capability.
I'm guessing a rough approximation is possible on some operating systems. Given the sprawling management infrastructure in Windows, I wouldn't be surprised if it has some "policy" framework in place that allows devices to be declared off-limits at a process granularity. The missing piece, then, is a viable user interface on top of that.
I'm not asking for something akin to the simplified permissions model of mainstream sandboxed mobile operating systems. Not set-and-forget; and certainly not all-or-nothing ("accept these required permissions or don't install the app.") Rather, something quite a bit finer grained and with the necessary infrastructure to have the OS prompt for privileged access if the application wants something I've disallowed, in a manner akin to Windows UAC prompts for admin credentials.
Imagine starting Chrome one day to have your operating system prompt you, "Chrome would like access to audio input 1 (microphone). Allow for now, permanently, or deny?"