I suspect you're wrong in the definition of what the talents we need are. When people say "we need talented people" they usually mean that we need people who are best at doing what we do now. And that's not the solution, that's the problem.What is the difference in required skill sets, between what we do now and what we should be doing?
I think this can reasonably be split into two basic tasks: find (and sufficiently define) a problem to solve; and given a problem / set of constraints, find a good solution.
Which task is different between "now" and your ideal, and how does that difference require different skills?
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In order to improve society/business/whatever we have to change it, and we can only change it by bringing in ideas that are different to what we have now.
This assumes that we're not already changing it. Also needing different ideas on what things to do, is different from needing different skills on doing those things.
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That is best done by people who offer different perspectives on what we're doing at the moment.
Or, by asking or watching those people (all the million-and-one ways that for-profit companies do market research and user research and such).
In the case of tech, that's women, ethnic minorities, LGBQT+, non-tech, etc.
No. It's whoever has problems that need solving. Which has nothing to do with tech, and everything to do with the fact that "improve society" above seems to mean "moral progress".
Probably the best thing that happening in this regard right now, is the push for police to wear cameras. (So shouldn't that mean that the tech for this has been developed with higher-than-normal participation by non-rich-white-techie-dude people?)
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The thing that really must change in order to get society making the best tech possible that really impacts lives in a positive way is that we need to break the 'privileged white male' echo chamber that keeps coming up with the same dull ideas. That can only happen by filling the chamber with more people who aren't privileged white males.
No. The echo chamber has nothing to do with who's in it, and everything to do with who has enough money to be the target demographic.
Either raise awareness that other people have money too (or can have money if they buy (on credit) what you're trying to sell), or convince people to work for social good instead of a paycheck.