Immigration is about talent, not costs

  Any time you say "I'd hire a local over a foreigner", you're effectively being racist.

For instance, the national average for software developers is quite a bit higher than for registered nurses, but when you consider bay area salaries, registered nurses earn at the median slightly more than software developers (in San Jose, it is 122k vs 116k, check US News Best Jobs for data).

As for law - the average salary for a lawyer working in San Jose is $183,000 a year (http://money.usnews.com/careers/best-jobs/lawyer/salary). It's true that lawyers have to go to three years of law school, but people don't fail out of typical pre-law majors like history or political science and major in CS or engineering because they;re easier, and plenty of programmers have grad degrees.

Also, attrition rates in elite graduate engineering schools are vastly higher than they are at elite law or med schools. The attrition rate for many science PhD programs is 50%. Engineering is a little better at 35% or so. Attrition rates for elite law and medical schools tend to be below 0.5%.

It's a tough comparison, because technically, you don't need any degree at all to be a programmer (you don't even need to know how to program, there's no licensing). But to graduate from an ABET accredited program and get a grad degree, even just an MS rather than a PhD? I'd say it's a much tougher program than history major followed by law school.

Like I said in a different post, the "shortage" of engineers appears to be a rational response to salary and career prospects. Engineering and programming are difficult jogs, and they pays less than people with this sort of academic inclination and propensity for hard, focused work can earn elsewhere. There is absolutely no need for government intervention to solve a "shortage" of programmers or engineers.

And as the original post points out, it is not always about low cost, its also about quality. Would you consider Satya Nadella or Sundar Pichai to be cheap labor?

There is another matter. Why don't you look up the phrase "indentured servant" on wikipedia? It refers to (quote from wikipedia) " a labor system where by young people paid for their passage to the New World by working for an employer for a certain number of years. It was widely employed in the 18th century in the British colonies in North America and elsewhere. It was especially used as a way for poor youth in Britain and the German states to get passage to the American colonies. They would work for a fixed number of years, then be free to work on their own. The employer purchased the indenture from the sea captain who brought the youths over; he did so because he needed labour (sic). Some worked as farmers or helpers for farm wives, some were apprenticed to craftsmen." Basically, this system which brought in the ancestors of most Americans is very similar to the H1B system in place, right down to the duration of indenture: 7 years, while the H1B has a 6 year time limit.

Been happening all-the-time, my friend. (No, I won't use expletives, and neither should you. Surprised this is the top post, despite HN policies.)

Take Germany specifically, they have a "Blue Card" (which I believe is available in other EU countries as well) which you can get automatically if you have a degree and a job offer. It converts automatically to residency and eventually citizenship over times depending on the country.

That is a very, very far cry from what H1-B are, and even TN visas.

For H1-B you need a sponsor waiting for you, you need to wait up to ~11 months to know if you are lucky to get through the quota and be allowed to work, an H1-B application is typically 100 pages thick and cost $3 to $8k of lawyer fees and $2k of gov fees (your application gets sent back to you if quotas are reached).

TN/H1-B don't convert to green cards by themselves, your employer need to be willing to go through a lengthly, costly process that takes 2 or more years to get you a green card (that is once you have gone trough all the trouble of getting a H1-B), which many employers will be unwilling to do if you have time left on your 6 years H1-B limit, and you have to stay with the same employer during all that time.