Stupid questions: does Mirage OS allow me to run C or Python programs? Can I run bash or Xwindows or do OpenGL?
While correct, I always find the declaration of Mirage (and HaLVM for that matter) as an OS to be unhelpful. It is a cross compiler for OCaml (resp. Haskell) to the Xen ABI along with libraries for interacting with Xen primitives (inter-domain communication, etc).
It has been mentioned multiple times that Xen ABI is just away of saving resources to focus on more important areas for the time being.