Go has all the 'functional' features that Javascript, Java and C++ have demonstrated here. The difference is in the library implementation of collections/containers; the default ones in Go don't provide the filter/map methods (or any methods for that matter), but nothing prevent you to use that style with a collection that would implement it.
That is, there's nothing inherent to Go, as a programming language, that makes it less functional than Java or C++. Go has first class support for functions and methods as objects, with proper closures, anonymous funcs and such.