Earlier quoted context omitted.
It's possible in some cases for phones to "ring" even if they're off/disconnected, as the tone is generated by the network, not the device itself.
I don't know how networks work in your country or where this accident occured, but in Japan when your phone is off, and you try to call it, it does not ring and indeed goes to voicemail directly.
If I turn off my phone gracefully, the network will send incoming calls pretty much straight to voicemail. If my phones battery has died, or the phone dropped off the network for another reason (went camping?), then the network will have your phone ring as it searches for the phone.