Earlier quoted context omitted.
Super shady stuff. I never rely on any ISP provided DNS servers Doesn't that mean that you don't benefit from nearby CDNs? Perhaps worth the tradeoff anyway.
8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4 are anycast.
Edit: I did a little research on CDN resolution back in undergrad. One of the things that was most difficult to measure, or even define, was DNS "performance."
Just because Google anycasts its DNS network does not guarantee the best performance. Running namehelp[1] on many machines I often found that the "fastest" DNS server was not in the obvious set of DNS servers that you use.
So I guess the answer to the parent's question is: yes, possibly, but it's hard to define what "fastest" even means here. I would say that jrockway's response is even incorrect in his (implied) definite assertion that it cannot degrade your experience. If you want to know, you should measure from your endpoint. There is no other way.