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An Engineer’s guide to Stock Options

blog.alexmaccaw.com

61–70 of 162 posts

Re: An Engineer’s guide to Stock Options

#61
post #53

Here's the short version. Sell. Sell it all. As soon as you are legally allowed to, sell. Sell all of it. Taxes and maxes blah blah blah just sell it, take the cash, and be thankful.

This is talking about Stock Options, not pure stock grants. This means that "Sell it all" isn't quite as simple as you might suggest - First you need to "Buy it all". But there is often vesting, which means you can't buy it all yet.

Re: An Engineer’s guide to Stock Options

#62
post #38

Earlier quoted context omitted.

You can ask feel free to ask for a pony in a salary negotiation, and in general I bow to no one in advising "ask for more", but that specific ask has the dual unhappy properties of being very awkward for founders to grant and yet not very useful to you the prospective employee. (Even an idealized employee who'd be capable of understanding what it meant.) "What was your most recent valuation?", "What is the size of my…

Cap table isn't the same thing as salary. It's the (future, in case of options) ownership of the company. Cap table transparency would go a long way in making VC-istan honest because the equities in salary tend to be small while those in equity are massive. If engineers in a typical VC-istan startup found out that the non-tech VPs and "product people" working 10-to-4 were making $140k while they make $110k, nothing w…

You don't need cap tables to know that the employee equity is small compared to investor equity. It obviously is. Most everyone I talk to knows that. VCs aren't "hiding" it.

If you don't want to work at a company where a pencil-pushing meeting-dwelling financier is going to earn an outsized reward compared to your efforts as a software developer, don't work for VC-funded startups. On the other hand, VC-funded startups tend to work on fun speculative problems, because they're powered by other people's money.

What a "non-tech VP" makes has nothing to do with an engineer's outcome. Obsessing about what other people in the company make is unhealthy.

Re: An Engineer’s guide to Stock Options

#63

Quick question: Why should a company give share options to employees, and not plain old shares? Is this just because it's better tax-wise for the company?

If they gave you shares you'd have to pay income taxes on those shares for something that may never make you any money. Most people wouldn't choose to do that.

But (assuming a startup or young company), the shares would have little value and so the tax would be small. Plus, if the shares became worthless you could offset that loss against future income (I guess?)

View it like the company giving you a cash bonus - not many people would turn down the bonus, even if it meant there would be tax due on it.

If you think the shares have future value, then paying the tax on their current price would seem a good deal. If you don't think the shares are value, then share options would be even worse.

Admittedly you've still got to pay the tax up-front...

Re: An Engineer’s guide to Stock Options

#64
post #58

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Without some notion of how much your equity grant represents of the company (by current dilution), the actual number of options you get cannot be sensibly valued. The total number of shares at a company is totally arbitrary . Seriously, when you register one, the state just asks you to pick a number . If a company won't tell you enough to calculate the percentage, that's like you asking "What's your offer for salary?…

I agree, makes negotiation much harder. "We're giving you 25000 options"... but if I have no idea how much its potentially worth, I dont know what I'm saying OK to. This is often the case though, I'm quite sure.

Ask for a clarification. If you don't get one, gracefully exit the negotiation, because they're either stupid or not negotiating in good faith. You have better (no pun intended) options.

Re: An Engineer’s guide to Stock Options

#65
>> You can think of a stock option as a Future.

You probably shouldn't, as they are distinct terms. A futures contract obliges you to make the transaction on the specified transaction date, whereas an option gives you the option to do so.

Re: An Engineer’s guide to Stock Options

#66
What is the exact mechanism for "golden handcuffs"? Can the company prevent a vested option holder from exercising and then selling the shares to a secondary market investor immediately (offering them to the company for first refusal, obviously)? In that case, can't I just line up a secondary market investor, borrow the cash to exercise, sell, repay the loan and thus get out of the handcuffs?

Re: An Engineer’s guide to Stock Options

#67

Earlier quoted context omitted.

We should start a thread about how ignorant you were before this awesome guide. I'm sure we can talk about all sorts of stupid things people believe while managing to learn nothing beyond the scope of the very basic article.

Apparently I've triggered some deep seated angst... Let me try to clarify what I meant, and maybe you'll feel better? This post didn't present any new 'facts' for me. I was already aware of all the details he explained (and most, but not all, of the implications of those details). My point was simply that by framing shares as currency presented them in a way that I had never considered before, and that comparison cau…

I think it's safe to say he's just being unpleasant for the sake of it. The old adage of "If you've got nothing nice to say, don't say anything at all." springs to mind.

I thought that shares as currency was an interesting analogy to draw too. Although I guess when you get down to it, anything that's reasonably fungible can be considered currency if you feel like it.

Re: An Engineer’s guide to Stock Options

#68

Earlier quoted context omitted.

We should start a thread about how ignorant you were before this awesome guide. I'm sure we can talk about all sorts of stupid things people believe while managing to learn nothing beyond the scope of the very basic article.

Apparently I've triggered some deep seated angst... Let me try to clarify what I meant, and maybe you'll feel better? This post didn't present any new 'facts' for me. I was already aware of all the details he explained (and most, but not all, of the implications of those details). My point was simply that by framing shares as currency presented them in a way that I had never considered before, and that comparison cau…

Not at all, now that I've learned about your learning, we can all discuss how happy that makes us feel. It's a win-win.

Wait, maybe if there was a higher context to share our approval of the article without distracting away from its content? Like some kind of high-level rating system that was enforced through a framework of some sort and presented as a low-friction indicator of the quality of the article? We could even improve it by presenting the highest quality articles above the fold.

Of course then content that appealed to the lowest common denominator would become the most approved, and people could congregate around shared understanding and beliefs, further cementing those ideas as the "right ideas".

Only if there were some social rules that would prevent this "circle jerking" behavior that causes forums to devolve into roaming bands of up-vote brigades. We could start by not "circle jerking" about the quality of the article, we could probably go a long way toward reducing congratulatory posts that celebrate elementary-level understanding of economic systems, and in turn, encourage feel good comments that are up-voted because people agree with them instead of them actually contributing anything.

Re: An Engineer’s guide to Stock Options

#69
If I decide to leave a company in which I have partially vested stock options, would it be okay to ask my employer (or anyone else in my company) if they would be interested in buying the options off of me at the current valuation (EG, last amount of money raised)? Is something like this common, or would I get laughed out of the room?

Similarly, how liquid are markets like Second Market in terms of liquidating option value at a startup that's raised multiple rounds of funding but has yet to exit or IPO? Are there angels (or networks of angels) that buy small amounts of pre-exit equity?

Re: An Engineer’s guide to Stock Options

#70

What is the exact mechanism for "golden handcuffs"? Can the company prevent a vested option holder from exercising and then selling the shares to a secondary market investor immediately (offering them to the company for first refusal, obviously)? In that case, can't I just line up a secondary market investor, borrow the cash to exercise, sell, repay the loan and thus get out of the handcuffs?

No. The golden handcuffs arise from the fact that the employee doesn't have the cash on hand to exercise the options and pay the taxes since there is no liquid market from the shares. If the employee quits, then they forfeit the upside of the options since the options expire 90 days after terminating employment. So, if the employee wants to participate in the options' upside, he or she is forced to stay with the company until a liquidity event -- textbook golden handcuffs.

It should be noted that Alex MacCaw and friends are offering a way out of this dilemma for 25-30% of the upside by supplying the cash required to exercise so that the employee can leave. This advertising is probably the whole reason Alex wrote the article.

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