Just playing, but "If you have n servers that take requests, and server Sᵢ can take a request every tᵢ seconds, and you need to distribute requests to them as efficiently as possible, how do you do it?" can be done very easily in Go. You have a shared channel which contains the pending requests, and a goroutine per server that simply loops doing: read from the shared channel, perform the request, wait for the sleep p…
Yes, but how does Go do it . Google is probably more interested in hiring people who can answer that rather than your answer. "There's a library for that" is a great answer for 99.9% of businesses out there, but google's problems aren't that of the 99.9%. (Nor in fact are they in the 99.9% of the remaining 0.1%)
The vast majority of people aren't writing the things that get, or would get if they were publicly available, research papers at Google.
They're using those things, written by the 1% of the 1%, to do things really, really generic, like display advertisements or store emails. There are some people in language development (Dart, Go, probably some others and some DSLs), there are some people doing hardcore database design, they probably have some people working on hard problems in their datacenters, from reducing latency on commodity hardware to networking infrastructure.
Are the majority of Google employees writing things that only the 0.1% of the 0.1% can solve? No, they don't even employ enough software engineers for that to be the case.