Earlier quoted context omitted.
It's a good idea... and also already a big thing. Look at all the AdWords for [dental vacation] and similar searches. Amish groups taking train rides to Mexico for dental work paid in cash is also apparently a thing. It could be much bigger, across more procedures... but often people needing care are, by virtue of both age and their current medical worries (and past experiences with bad providers), less adventurous.…
"A big breakthrough would be if Congress, as a cost-saving measure, allowed Medicare payments for out-of-country treatment." If Congress cared about saving money when it comes to Medicare they wouldn't have passed Medicare Part D, which by design doesn't allow for the negotiation of lower drug prices with pharmaceutical companies like the Department of Vererans Affairs is allowed to do. The fact of the matter is that…
1. force drug makers to match the lowest price that it offers to anyone else. In other words Medicare gets the same (or lower) price as big insurers like United.
2. force drug manufacturers to discount the cost of drugs for Medicare Part-D once the patient enters the donut hole. Over the next 5 years that discount will increase to 50% of the cost incurred within the donut hole (this will total several billions per year)
3. for Medicaid, force the drug manufacturers to provide a 23.1% discount off the WAC (wholesale price) OR the lowest price offered to anyone else (whichever is lower)
4. for disproportionate share hospitals (hospitals that serve the uninsured), force drug companies to provide the Medicaid discount (at least 23.1%) to those hospitals for all the drugs they buy, whether or not they go to the uninsured
5. if the drug company increases the cost of its drug at a rate greater than the rate of inflation (CPI), they have to pay CPI penalties each year. There are some drugs that Medicaid gets a 90% discount on (far lower than any insurance company could get)
So yes, you are correct that federal gov't doesn't directly negotiate individual drug prices, but it sure as heck uses it bargaining power to get some super sweet deals!