May I humbly recommend adding the KXstudio Repos (
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+ppas?name_filter=kxstudio) to your Ubuntu installation? the Cadence utility makes JACK configuration very painless, automagically setting up JACK to run everything, with ALSA loopback and PulseAudio bridges for input and output. Firefox/Flash/Phonon/Skype all route through PulseAudio, which gets sent to JACK. all ALSA-only applications get routed through Loopback, which gets sent to JACK. And you can route all of this sound (visually, if you use the Claudia app) to whatever processing or recording application you want.
Two weeks ago, I spent 20 minutes with 3 KXStudio Laptops and a master KXStudio workstation, and got all the laptops acting as input slaves to pipe live instruments and mics to Ardour running on the workstation using Opus as the transferring codec. all it took was loading the network module into JACK, and making sure there was gigE/cat6 for networking. we had mp3's and FLAC's of the concert ready for the band to review before their roadies were done packing up the gear.
As for high-end hardware, the laptops are using M-Audio Fast Track Pros and 10/10's. None of the hardware goes for more than $150, and we're using ultra-cheap AMD Fusion laptop slaves sourced from alibaba with an AMD A10-based workstation as master. We're at $2800, including 3 monitors.
Because an AMD A10 with 12GB of RAM is stupid overpowered for audio production, we installed MacOS X via KVM and routed that output through JACK as well. WINE loads quite a few professional digital audio workstation packages, and a ton of VSTs, and wineasio makes them all work with JACK. Running all this emulation doesn't make the system feel sluggish at all.
the main website is http://kxstudio.sourceforge.net, but the LiveCD downloadable there is based on Ubuntu 12.04. I installed raring, added the PPA's, and then installed packages. I like bleeding edge. but the official livecd is _very_ painless to install if you're having headaches configuring.