It may be a symptom of my own possibly-pathological preference for reusable modular design, but I'd want to make tiny toilet-only cars. Borrowing anonymouz's diagram style:
+---------------+ +-+ +---------------+
| | |T| | |
+---------------+.+-+.+---------------+
O O O O O O
Then all carriage-cars and toilet-cars are…
• reversible
• interchangeable with others of their type
• easily externally identifiable at shunting yards
• able to represent either the original 1:1 carriage:toilet ratio, or the cost-saving 2:1 ratio, or any other ratio that might be desired
• able to represent any desired min-distance/max-distance in carriage-car-lengths to the nearest toilet
• able to be upgraded/serviced independently (including occasional periods of operation outside of usual ratios, as trials or when cars are out-of-service)
Of course the costs of extra couplings (in construction, linear deadspace, and operational overhead), and effects of such unevenly-sized cars on travel characteristics (stability, wear, fuel-economy, etc) might outweigh the explicit flexibility benefits.
But such flexibility is less risky in the abstract and more easily-rewritten world of software where I practice, as opposed to the world of railroad engineering, as practiced (perhaps not coincidentally) by my father's father.