Earlier quoted context omitted.
I think Hydrofluoric acid is probably the substance you're describing which leaches the calcium out of your bones. It will certainly burn you too though. It's a common byproduct from heating fluorinated gases and is sometimes used in its own right for wet etching. As an aside, I love it when they tell you in the safety WBT what the highly toxic gas smells like.
HF is released in lithium ion battery fires. Just one reason why the correct response to such a fire is GTFO as fast as you can.
Fwiw, there is a BurnBuster brand of fire extinguisher for stopping lithium runaway. See ASIN B0DZ9R7Q51. It is a ripoff but probably good to have.
Single use ones too can contain fluorine, but not the runaway risk. Nevertheless, they require significant care to avoid shorting during storage. Never store them loose or where they can contact each other. Tape them well from all sides, and put them in a sealed ziploc bag before disposing.